tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-14089428320608262262024-03-17T17:12:10.611-07:00Oregon's Chinese Heritage: A Legacy of PlacesChinese made a signifcant contribution to the development of Oregon from the 1850s to the 1900s. They worked as laborers, built railroads, were miners, servants, cooks, and business men. Over 370 placenames record their efforts, shown in August posts. The location of places, tours,and massacres sites are also found there.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12740022173774915221noreply@blogger.comBlogger34125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1408942832060826226.post-83941128399357817232014-08-24T17:23:00.002-07:002015-05-09T12:37:40.675-07:00Number of Chinese Places in Oregon Counties<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12740022173774915221noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1408942832060826226.post-10688663429434384212014-08-24T17:22:00.001-07:002014-11-26T14:46:39.012-08:00Baker County<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
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<b>Auburn Chinese Cemeteries</b>. There were at least two Chinese cemeteries in the community of Auburn. By the time of the demise of Auburn Chinatown, those interred had been exhumed and the bones shipped to China. At least one of the cemeteries was washed away in a “second washing of gold.” Reference: Alexander 1972: 50; Wegars 1995: 34.<br />
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<b>Auburn Ditch</b>. Auburn Ditch, a 25 mile long canal, was built by Chinese laborers in 1863. Reference: Mead 2006: 62.</div>
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<b>Auburn Joss House</b>. The original Auburn Joss House was located in Auburn Chinatown on the second story above a Chinese-owned store. Reference: Wegars 1995: 32-33.</div>
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<b>Baker City Chinatown</b>. In 1870, Baker City Chinatown was located at the southeastern edge of the downtown business district with the Powder River flowing along its easternmost edge. By 1886, it contained a half dozen stores and a population of about 400. The residents were miners, laundry men, cooks, wood sawyers, servants, vegetable gardeners, tailor, butcher, herb doctor, and fishermen who fished the Powder River for chub and suckers. Both the vegetables and fish were sold to the larger community. By 1903, the Chinatown was bounded by Valley Avenue, Auburn Avenue, Resort Street, and the Powder River.map Reference: Dielman 2008: 96-97; Sanborn Insurance Map 1903; Wesley 1949: 84, 87-88.<br />
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<b>Baker City Chinese Pavilion</b>. The Baker City Chinese Pavilion is situated in the Baker City Chinese Cemetery within the town of Baker City. It commemorates the Chinese who were interred in the cemetery. The pavilion’s dedication ceremony was held on August 24, 2002 and was attended by representatives of the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association of Portland, local community leaders, and those who donated their time and resources in the pavilion’s construction. Reference: Baker County Library, Baker City, Oregon, Object No. 2008.2.1.</div>
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<b>Baker City Joss House</b>. The joss house on Auburn Street in the Baker City Chinatown was completed in 1882-83. It was a two story, red brick structure measuring 20 feet by 45 feet with a balcony and porch in front. The interior was finished with hardwood. The first floor was used for social activities with the second floor containing a large sitting Buddha and altar upon which was a statue of Quan Yin. The structure was razed after 1941. Reference: Edson 1974: 67; Evans 1993: 6; Nokes 2009: 174-75; Wesley 1949: 87.<br />
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<b>Baker City Chinese Cemetery</b>. The Baker City Chinese Cemetery is located just outside Baker City at the end of Campbell Street, east of Interstate 84. Through the years, it fell into disrepair because of a lack of understanding as to its ownership. The Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association (CCBA) learned that it was the owner when a judge ordered a title search in a related land acquisition issue in 1991. The CCBA subsequently joined with the Baker County Historical Society in renovating the cemetery. With the help of Chinese American students and other volunteers, the cemetery was cleaned and a chain fence erected. The funeral burner was restored and a marker stone and path through the cemetery were also installed. Reference: Evans 1993: 6; Nokes 2009: 176-77; Steele 1993: 5.</div>
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<b>Baker City Chinese Cemetery Marker</b>. A carved stone maker in the Baker City Chinese Cemetery commemorates those who had been interred there. The marker lists 17 names, out of the approximately 67, who were buried there before their remains were disinterred and shipped to China. Reference: Baker County Library, Baker City, Oregon. Object No. 2008.2.8. </div>
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<b>Baker City Chinese Cemetery Funeral Burner</b>. The Baker City Chinese Cemetery Burner was a prominent feature in the original cemetery. It was a square structure made of cut stone with an opening through which incense and prayer papers could be inserted and burned. Traditionally, the burner was used most frequently during the Ching Ming ceremony. It was in use from 1880 to 1940, being dismantled shortly thereafter. A restoration of the burner was accomplished using the original cut stones. Reference: Baker County Library, Baker City, Oregon. Object No. 1981.1.6806. <b>Baker City Chinese Gardens</b>. The Chinese grew vegetables in an area on Spring Garden Avenue as well as on the west side of town. They were consumed by the Chinese and sold to non-Chinese. Reference: Evans 1993: 6; Wegars 1995: 15.<br />
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<b>Battle Creek Chinese Massacre</b>. According to a lone Chinese survivor, Piute Indians killed approximately 40 Chinese miners near Battle Creek in 1866. The name Battle Creek is attributed to a fight between two Native American groups in 1870. Reference: Edson 1974: 13; McArthur 1982: 44.<br />
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<b>China Creek Corral Pond</b>. China Creek Corral Pond drains in a northerly direction joining South China Spring and is within the Upper Burnt River Mining District. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Beaverdam Creek, Oregon</i>, 1984.<br />
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<b>China Creek1</b>. The water source of China Creek is Elk Camp Spring within the Upper Burnt River Mining District. From there, China Creek flows approximately 4.5 miles in a southwesterly direction until its water is captured by China Creek Ditch. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Unity Reservoir, Oregon</i>, 1984.<br />
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<b>China Creek2</b>. China Creek2 flows northeast into North Fork Burnt River near the Greenhorn Mining District. The area has widespread dredge tailings. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Greenhorn, Oregon</i>, 1995.<br />
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<b>China Creek Ditch</b>. China Creek Ditch captures China Creek1 at 44°35'10″N 118°10'54″W, carrying its water approximately nine miles to form an intermittent lake at 44°33'21″N 118°10'10″W. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Unity Reservoir, Oregon</i>, 1984.<br />
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<b>China Creek Spring</b>. China Creek Spring is approximately two miles northwest of China Creek. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Unity Reservoir, Oregon</i>, 1984.<br />
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<b>China Diggings</b>. China Diggings were an area of placer mines on a hillside near the town of Sumpter. Reference: Wegars 1995: 24.<br />
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<b>China Gate</b>. China Gate is within the Baker City’s Leo Adler Memorial Parkway, a 2.5-mile riverside park and pathway connecting a series of eight public spaces adjacent to the Powder River in the City of Baker. The gate is tentatively located near Valley Avenue, part of the original Baker City Chinatown. Reference: Developing Public Art in Oregon’s Rural Communities 2000; Leo Adler Memorial Parkway n.d.; “Voice of the River Resonates in Baker City” 2008.<br />
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<b>China Gulch Placer Mine</b>. China Gulch Placer Mine was located opposite Pole Creek, two miles north of Sumpter. China Gulch is shown as Slim Creek on current U.S.G.S. 7.5’ series maps. Mine tailings extend from north of China Gulch down Cracker Creek and past the town of Sumpter, all part of the Sumpter/Cracker Creek Mining District. Baker County records indicate China Gulch Placer Mine was operated by Chinese. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; Steeves 1984: 200; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Bourne, Oregon</i>, 1984.<br />
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<b>China Lake</b>. China Lake is southeast of China Creek at an elevation of 6731 feet above sea level. It is within the Upper Burnt River Mining District. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Unity Reservoir, Oregon</i>, 1984.<br />
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<b>China Spring</b>. China Springs is within Foster Gulch, approximately three miles southwest of the community of Halfway. It lies within the Eagle Creek/Sparta Mining District where placer gold mining dates to the 1860s. Chinese miners had purchased much of the claims in the Eagle Creek District by 1872. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Richland, Oregon</i>, 1984.<br />
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<b>China Town</b>. The historic community of China Town (two words) was approximately two miles west of Clarksville on Clarks Creek. By 1900, its Chinese population was 200, serving the miners of nearby Upper Burnt Creek River Mining District. The locale occasionally appears in the literature as Clarksville Chinatown. Reference: Baker County Library, Baker City, Oregon, Record No.133/907; McConnell 1979; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Bridgeport, Oregon</i>, 1990.<br />
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<b>Chinese Gardens</b>. Chinese Gardens is part of the Baker City’s Leo Adler Memorial Parkway, a 2.5-mile riverside park and pathway connecting a series of eight public spaces adjacent to the Powder River in the City of Baker. The gardens will be located near China Gate and the Community Confluence and Celebration Space. Reference: Developing Public Art in Oregon’s Rural Communities 2000; Leo Adler Memorial Parkway n.d.; “Voice of the River Resonates in Baker City” 2008.<br />
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<b>Chinese Wall</b>. Chinese Wall is made of rocks stacked by Chinese as a result of their placer mining along Union Creek north of Phillips Lake. Reference: Britton 2005; Brooks 2007: 105.<br />
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<b>Clarksville Chinatown</b>. Clarksville Chinatown, identified on maps as China Town, grew quickly and declined faster as the gold in the area was depleted. Baker County records and map information indicate that the Chinese conducted gold mining activity in the area surrounding Clarksville, particularly in the Upper Burnt River Mining District. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; McConnell 1979; Steeves 1984; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Bridgeport, Oregon</i>, 1990.<br />
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<b>Deer Creek Chinese Camp</b>. Deer Creek Chinese Camp was on the Deer Creek, approximately 2½ miles northeast of the town of Sumpter. The Chinese owned the Sumpter Mining District claim, reportedly generating $3 per day per person. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; Wegars 1995: 11.<br />
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<b>Downie Creek Chinese Mine</b>. Downie Creek Chinese Mine is on Downie Creek near McCully Fork of the Powder River, northwest of Sumpter. It is within the Sumpter/Cracker Creek Mining District. It was leased to the Chinese who were producing $9000 per year by 1900. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; Steeves 1984: 147.<br />
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<b>East China Spring</b>. East China Spring is about ¾ miles southeast of China Creek within the Upper Burnt River Mining District. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Beaverdam, Oregon</i>, 1984.<br />
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<b>Eldorado Ditch</b>. Originally only in Baker County, Eldorado Ditch was extended to the point where it ran across today’s Baker and Malheur Counties. Constructed from 1863 to 1878 by as many as 1000 Chinese laborers, it may be the longest canal in Oregon, measuring 135 miles in length with an 800 foot change in elevation over its length. It measured 8.5 feet wide at the top and 6 feet wide at the base, being 3 feet deep. The ditch brought water from Willow Creek Basin to the Shasta Mining District. The Ah Fat Company was the major labor contractor for the construction. A court decree and subsequent lack of maintenance and road construction in the area marked its disuse in 1925. Reference: Brooks 2007: 45; Evans 1993: 6; Mead 2006: 104; North Fork Malheur Geographic Management Area 2007: 77; Wegars 1995: 57-58.<br />
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<b>Elk Creek Mine</b>. Elk Creek flows southwest into the Middle Fork of John Day River. The area around the mine has experienced extensive placer and hard rock mining. Baker County records indicate Chinese ownership of the mine. Reference: Steeves 1984: 200; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Susanville, Oregon</i>, 1990.<br />
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<b>Ellis Mine</b>. Ellis mine was between Cracker Creek and McCully Fork of the Powder River near the Rock Creek/Cracker Creek Mining District. Chinese miners leased the area and performed hydraulic mining throughout in the late 1800s. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; Steeves 1984: 147; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Bourne, Oregon</i>, 1984.<br />
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<b>Gimlet Placer Chinese Mining Site</b>. The Gimlet Placer Chinese Mining Site is on the east bank of Gimlet Creek within the Sumpter/Greenhorn Mining District. It is adjacent to Forest Service Road 7386 in an area of widespread placer mining that started in the 1860s and hard rock mining dating to 1880. Chinese artifacts at the site suggest that the Chinese worked the placer deposits. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; Jaehnig 1997; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Whitney, Oregon</i>, 1984.<br />
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<b>Gold Rush RV Park</b>. Gold Rush RV Park is located in the town of Sumpter at 680 Cracker Creek Road. The park was the site of Chinese placer mining as early as the 1880s. The stacked rocks resulting from the mining are still evident. Reference: Historic Sumpter 2003.<br />
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<b>Hogem Ditch</b>. The ditch ran from the West Fork of Creek to the town of Hogem. Although dug by non-Chinese in 1864, Ah Wah and Wing Lee bought an interest in it in July, 1870, under the name Wing Lee and Co. Ditch maintenance was then performed by 40-50 Chinese. Wing Lee sold his interest in October, 1870. Reference: Wegars 1995: 54.<br />
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<b>Lily White Mine Disaster</b>. Located northeast of Baker City in the Wallowa Mountains, the Lily White Gold Mine is thought to be the source of unverified stories about as many as 100 or as few as 13, Chinese miners being trapped in the mine sometime between 1886 and 1889. Either through a cave-in or the mine owner dynamiting the entrance so he would not need to pay the Chinese, the ghosts of the miners are said to be seen singing and dancing above the mine entrance on moon-lit nights. The U.S. Forest Service opened the mine in 2010 and found no evidence of foul play. References: Nokes 2009: 79; Nokes 1995: Dec. 21, C2; Wegars 1995:54.<br />
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<b>McCully Fork Chinese Encampment</b>. McCully Fork Chinese Encampment was where McCully Fork joins the Powder River within the Sumpter Mining District west of the town of Sumpter. The Chinese worked the tailings resulting from hydraulic mining. Reference: “Celestials: The Chinese in Baker County”; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Sparta, Oregon</i>,1985.<br />
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<b>McEwen Chinatown</b>. McEwen Chinatown was part of McEwen, a small gold mining town on the Powder River about five miles southeast of Sumpter. The Chinatown supported Chinese activity in nearby Upper Burnt Creek, Rock Creek, and Sumpter Mining Districts. Ah Fong, who owned a store there, was the last Chinese in the town by 1910. Reference: Baker County Library. Baker City, Oregon. Record No. 582/907. Object No. 1992.1.838.; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Phillips Lake, Oregon</i>, 1984; Wegars 1995: 13.<br />
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<b>Minersville Chinese Encampment</b>. Minersville Chinese Encampment was located on the East Fork of Miners Creek, approximately 2.5 miles northeast of McEwen. It was in the Sumpter/Rock Creek Mining Districts, an area characterized by numerous hard rock mines with mine tailings in the Powder River. Reference: Anonymous 2004; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Phillips Lake, Oregon</i>, 1984.<br />
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<b>Packwood Ditch</b>. Packwood Ditch brought water from Eagle Creek to the Kooster, Shanghai, and Powder River mines. It was constructed by as many as 300 Chinese laborers. Reference: Mead 2006: 108.<br />
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<b>Poker Gulch</b>. The seasonal stream of Poker Gulch flows southward into the Powder River near the Upper Burnt River Mining District. Poker Gulch appears as Poker Creek on current U.S.G.S. series 7.5’ maps. Baker County records and map information indicate the Chinese conducted mining activity in the gulch. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; Steeves 1984: 200; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Blue Canyon, Oregon</i>,1993.<br />
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<b>Rye Valley Chinatown</b>. Rye Valley Chinatown was a part of the community of Rye Valley which was located on North Fork of Dixie Creek. It provided support to the Chinese miners who worked the Lower Burnt River Valley and Mormon Basin Mining Districts. The area experienced widespread placer mining from the 1880s to the turn of the century. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; McConnell 1979; Steeves 1984: 119; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Rye Valley, Oregon,1988.<br />
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<b>Shanghai Channel</b>. Shanghai Channel was an alternate name for Shanghai Gulch that eventually became known as Shanghai Creek. Chinese miners worked the area from the 1870s to the early 1890s. Reference: Steeves 1984: 205.<br />
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<b>Shanghai Creek</b>. Shanghai Creek flows northeast into Eagle Creek approximately one mile north of Sparta Butte in the Sparta/Eagle Creek Mining District. The first Chinese mining claim was filed in 1872 and soon thereafter they owned much of the claims in the Eagle Creek Mining District. Evidence of Chinese residences as well as artifacts, suggests that the name was derived from their presence. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; Edson 1974; Steeves 1984: 68-93, 203-205; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Sparta Butte, Oregon</i>, 1988; Wagner, N.S. 1943.<br />
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<b>Shanghai Falls</b>. Shanghai Falls is the narrow, steep-sided portion of Shanghai Creek as it flows through Shanghai Gulch. The falls begin about 2000 feet upstream from where the creek joins Eagle Creek. The place name is derived from its water source, Shanghai Creek. The loss of 1000 feet in elevation within 2000 feet offers a spectacular sight in the rainy season. Reference: Steeves 1984: 87.<br />
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<b>Shanghai Gulch</b>. Shanghai Gulch was an early name for Shanghai Creek, a tributary to Eagle Creek. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Sparta Butte, Oregon</i>, 1988.<br />
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<b>South China Spring</b>. South China Spring is approximately one mile southeast of China Creek in the Upper Burnt River Mining District. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, Beaverdam Creek, Oregon, 1984.<br />
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<b>Sparta Chinatown</b>. Sparta Chinatown, with a population that reached about 1000, was located in the mining town of Sparta. The residents of Chinatown worked primarily as miners and laborers, usually in the Sparta and Eagle Creek Mining Districts. The Chinatown population decreased rapidly as railroad and ditch construction projects ended and the yield of gold from local mines declined. A fire in 1917 destroyed most of the buildings in Sparta as well as the Chinatown. The photograph at the top of the page shows Sparta Chinatown resident Ah Wing in traditional Chinese attire playing a san hsien (three string). Reference: Bradley n.d.; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; McConnell 1979; Meade 2006: 109; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Sparta, Oregon</i>,1985.<br />
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<b>Sparta Ditch</b>. Sparta Ditch connected Eagle Creek to the Thorn Gulch mines. Approximately 300 Chinese laborers were involved in its construction in 1871. The ditch was 32 miles in length. Reference: Evans 1993: 6; Varon n.d.; Wegars 1995: 56-57.<br />
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<b>Sumpter Chinatown</b>. Sumpter Chinatown was located on the west side of Cracker Creek in the town of Sumpter. Chinese miners were working placer deposits of gold in the area by 1874. The Chinatown had stores, a restaurant, residences, and a civic organization. By 1917, gold production from the mines was minimal with a fire destroying much of Sumpter as well as Chinatown. Reference: Baker County Library. Baker City, Oregon. Object No. 192.1.541; Wegars 1995: 11, 24.<br />
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<b>Sumpter Chinese Cemetery</b>. The Sumpter Chinese Cemetery was on Auburn Street in the town of Sumpter. Disinterment and shipping of the remains occurred in1903 with the last occurring in the 1930s. Reference: Wegars 1995: 24-25.<br />
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<b>Sumpter Valley Railroad</b>. Sumpter Valley Railroad was built by Chinese laborers, starting in 1890. It extended from Baker City to Prairie City, arriving in 1896. Reference: Barlow and Richardson 1979: 39.<br />
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<b>Union Creek Chinese Mining Site</b>. Union Creek flows into today’s Phillips Lake on the Powder River. Chinese placer mining in the area was evident as indicated by numerous Chinese artifacts. Reference: Steeves 1984: 102-105, 210.<br />
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<b>Wing Hing Yuen Company Store</b>. The Wing Hing Yuen Company Store is one of the few identified businesses in the Baker City Chinatown. The store provided general merchandise to the community from the turn of the century to the 1940s. Reference: Baker County Library. Baker City, Oregon. Object No. 2008.13.122.<br />
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<b>White Swan Mine</b>. White Swan Mine is an incorrect name for the Lily White Mine. See Lily White Mine Disaster, Baker County.<br />
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<b>References</b><br />
Alexander, Maud Grant. 1972. <i>Uncle Dave Discovers Gold</i>. Pendleton, Oregon: Eastern Oregonian Publications Company.<br />
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Baker County Library. Baker City, Oregon. Record No. 582/907. Object No. 1992.1.838. http://www.bakerlib.org. Accessed October 27, 2010. http://www.bakerlib.org. Accessed October 27, 2010.<br />
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_______. Baker City, Oregon. Object No. 2008.2.1. http://www.bakerlib.org. Accessed October 27, 2010.<br />
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_______, Baker City, Oregon. Object No. 1981.1.6806. http://www.bakerlib.org. Accessed October 27, 2010.<br />
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_______. Baker City, Oregon. Object No. 2008.13.122. http://www.bakerlib.org. Accessed October 27, 2010.<br />
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_______. Baker City, Oregon. Object No. 192.1.541. http://www.bakerlib.org. Accessed October 27, 2010.<br />
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_______. Baker City, Oregon. Object No. 192.1.541. http://www.bakerlib.org. Accessed October 27, 2010.<br />
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_______, Baker City, Oregon. Object No. 2008.2.8. http://www.bakerlib.org. Accessed October 27, 2010.<br />
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Barlow, Jeffrey and Christine Richardson. 1979. <i>China Doctor of John Day</i>. Portland, Oregon: Binford and Mort.<br />
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Bradley, Phyllis. n.d. “Unrefined Sparta in the 19th Century.” http://www.oregongenealogoy. Com/baker/Sparta/index.htm/ Accessed November 4, 2010.<br />
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Britton, Lisa. 2005. "Chinese Wall on Union Creek." <i>Baker City Herald</i>, July 13.<br>
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Brooks, Howard. 2007. <i>A Pictorial History of Gold Mining in the Blue Mountains of Eastern Oregon. Baker City</i>, Oregon: Baker County Historical Society.<br />
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“Celestials: The Chinese in Baker County.” http://www.oregongenealogy.com/baker/chinese.htm/ Accessed October 15, 2010.<br />
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<i>Developing Public Art in Oregon’s Rural Communities</i>. 2000. Oregon Arts Commission. http://www.oregonartscommission.org/pdf/RuralPublicArt2000.pdf/ Accessed March 10, 2011.<br />
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Dielman, Gary. 2008. “Discovering Gold in Baker County Library’s 1870-1930s Photograph Collection.” <i>Oregon Historical Quarterly</i>, Spring: 88-87.<br />
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Eastern Oregon Mining Association. 1999. <i>Oregon Gold Mining: Baker County Gold Districts</i>. http://www.h2oaccess.com/ Accessed November 18, 2010.<br />
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Edson, Christopher H. 1974. <i>The Chinese in Eastern Oregon</i>. San Francisco: R&E Research Association.<br />
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Evans, Jim. 1993. “University of Idaho Expert Tells of Chinese History.” <i>Baker City Herald</i>. August 25.<br />
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<i>Historic Sumpter</i>. 2003. http://www.historicsumpter.com/sumpter-oregon-gold-rush.html/ Accessed October 27, 2010.<br />
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Jaehnig, Manfred E. W. 1997. <i>Evaluation of Archaeological Deposits at The Gimlet Placer Chinese Site, OR-BA-11, Baker County, Oregon</i>. La Grande, Oregon: Mount Emily Archaeological Services.<br />
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<i>Leo Adler Memorial Parkway </i>. n.d. http://www.leoadlerparkway.com/History.asp/ Accessed March 10, 2011.<br />
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McArthur, Lewis. 1982. 5th ed. <i>Oregon Geographic Names</i>. Oregon: The Press of the Oregon Historical Society.<br />
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McConnell, Gregory. 1979. “An Historical Geography of the Chinese in Oregon.” Masters thesis, University of Oregon.<br />
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Mead, George. 2006. <i>A History of Union County with An appendix the Chinese in Oregon</i>. LaGrande, Oregon: E-Cat Worlds.<br />
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Nokes, R. Gregory. 2009. <i>Massacred for Gold</i>. Corvallis, Oregon: Oregon State University Press.<br />
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Nokes, R. Gregory. 1995. “Keeping the Lily White Gold Mine Story Alive.” <i>The Oregonian</i>. December 21, C2.<br />
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<i>North Fork Malheur Geographic Management Area</i>. 2007. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Vale District, Malheur Resource Area. http://www.blm.gov/or/districts/vale/plans/files/finalNFMGMA_EA.pdf/ Accessed December 13, 2010.<br />
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Sanborn Insurance Map. 1903. <i>Sumpter</i>. New York: Sanborn Map and Publishing Company Limited.<br />
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Steele, Jerry. 1993. “Cemetery Question Rests with County.” <i>Baker City Herald</i>. December 16.<br />
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Steeves, Laban R. 1984. “Chinese Gold Miners of Northeastern Oregon, 1862-1900.” Masters thesis, University of Oregon.<br />
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U.S.G.S. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Blue Canyon, Oregon</i>, 1993.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Beaverdam Creek, Oregon</i>,1984.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Bourne, Oregon</i>, 1984.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ Series, <i>Bridgeport, Oregon</i>, 1990.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Greenhorn, Oregon</i>, 1995.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Phillips Lake, Oregon</i>, 1984.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Richland, Oregon</i>, 1984.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle. 7.5' series, <i>Rye Valley, Oregon</i>, 1988.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Sparta Butte, Oregon</i>, 1988.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Susanville, Oregon</i>, 1999.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Unity Reservoir, Oregon</i>, 1984.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Whitney, Oregon</i>, 1984.<br />
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Varon, Jodi n.d. http://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/sparta_ditch/ Accessed November 3, 2013.<br />
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“Voice of the River Resonates in Baker City.” <i>Oregon News</i>. 2008. http://www.nps.gov/pwro/rtca/OR-state-fact-sheet-7.10.08.pdf/ Accessed March 10, 2011.<br />
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Wagner, N.S. 1943. <i>Shanghai Gulch Placer Mine</i>. Oregon Department of Geology and Mines Information, unpublished file report, Baker Field office.<br />
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Wegars, Priscilla. 1995. <i>The Ah Hee Diggings: Final Report of the Archaeological Investigations at OR-GR-16, the Granite, Oregon “Chinese Walls” Site, 1992-1994.</i> Moscow, Idaho: University of Idaho Anthropology Reports.<br />
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Wesley, Andrews. 1949. “Baker City in the Eighties.” <i>Oregon Historical Quarterly</i>. Vol. 50: 84-97.<br />
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12740022173774915221noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1408942832060826226.post-21101033162895715072014-08-24T17:21:00.002-07:002014-08-24T17:21:15.734-07:00Benton County<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtw9sdLbPxN_42kiyOGUPC-RbgTLPuaNmvNn_R3p8sX-HtACvUCGtoqp4lgGHeEAXUoer4Y5S80yvE04RE17AY3DDWu372iQPePDVn7BJeVDgeCi7Qf8NnYXr8RYEucowECRT0Yvu2C0Y/s1600/TrainBentonCo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" closure_lm_525666="null" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtw9sdLbPxN_42kiyOGUPC-RbgTLPuaNmvNn_R3p8sX-HtACvUCGtoqp4lgGHeEAXUoer4Y5S80yvE04RE17AY3DDWu372iQPePDVn7BJeVDgeCi7Qf8NnYXr8RYEucowECRT0Yvu2C0Y/s1600/TrainBentonCo.jpg" height="132" oua="true" title="Hundreds of Chinese worked on the railroads of Benton County. Source: osmins.org" width="200" /></a></div>
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<b>Corvallis Chinatown</b>. Corvallis Chinatown was centered on today’s SW Second Street and SW Jefferson Avenue in the town of Corvallis by at least 1880. At that time, there were four Chinese laundries in operation. By the 1880s, Chinatown was the home of clerks, railroad and construction workers, and business men. The business directories listed six Chinese stores: Hong Wah Company, Hop Sing Company, Wing Yet Company, Hop Sang and Company, Hop Wa, and Hop Gee. There were only five residents remaining in 1910 with the entire Chinatown destroyed by fire in the 1920s. Corvallis Chinatown is within the boundaries of Avery-Helm Historic District. Reference: Benton County Historical Society and Museum; “Chinese Americans in Corvallis n.d.”; Miller 2009; <i>National Register of Historic Places Listings in Benton County, Oregon </i><i>2009</i>; <i>Sojourners in Corvallis</i>.</div>
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<b>References </b></div>
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Benton County Historical Society and Museum. <i>1867-1932 Business Directories</i>. http://www.bentoncountymuseum.org/research/directoyresults.cfm/ Accessed July 4, 2014.</div>
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“Chinese Americans in Corvallis n.d.” Corvallis Community Pages. http://www.corvalliscommunitypages.com/ Accessed November 23, 2010.</div>
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Miller, Marilee. 2009. “The Corvallis Gazette, Corvallis, Oregon.” Coos County and Oregon History. http://coquillevalley.org/history/years-ago/covallisgazette/ Accessed November 29, 2010.</div>
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<i>National Register of Historic Places Listings in Benton County, Oregon. 2009</i>. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Benton_County,_Oregon/ Accessed November 30, 2010.</div>
<br /><i>Sojourners in Corvallis: Early Chinese Importance in Corvallis, Oregon</i>. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hA3Y94rHYr0/ Accessed August 4, 2014.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12740022173774915221noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1408942832060826226.post-33136608208875230612014-08-24T17:18:00.001-07:002014-08-24T17:18:25.418-07:00Clackamus County<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdLlaBwTXn5Bx8cn0HBLtl1PLJmMfmSBTorXvs2YKjms8fN7mf77v1BU4dy2IMML1Cndey2fgBhTn8urmrRZmZy5aHnWp1tVj6bLRo5KtkkhnepwAJO7xLVqX7ooMtlXn3tKurbXVmnPE/s1600/BingCherry1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="cssfloat: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" closure_lm_96398="null" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdLlaBwTXn5Bx8cn0HBLtl1PLJmMfmSBTorXvs2YKjms8fN7mf77v1BU4dy2IMML1Cndey2fgBhTn8urmrRZmZy5aHnWp1tVj6bLRo5KtkkhnepwAJO7xLVqX7ooMtlXn3tKurbXVmnPE/s1600/BingCherry1.jpg" height="320" oua="true" title="Jackson Street mural showing Bing cherries (upper center right)" width="240" /></a></div>
<b>Jackson Street Mural</b>. The Jackson Street Mural was located at 10801 SE Main Street in the town of Milwaukie. The mural faced Jackson Street. Completed in 2001, the public art prominently depicted the cherries developed by Ah Bing at the Lewelling Nursery. The mural no longer exists. Reference: West n.d. “Milwaukie, Oregon.”</div>
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<b>Lewelling Nursery</b>. In the 1870s, Seth Lewelling of Milwaukie cultivated 100 acres of nursery stock. The foreman was Ah Bing who was in charge of the nursery’s 20-30 Chinese laborers. Lewelling planted two rows of experimental cherries, with Bing responsible for one row. Lewelling named the variety produced in Bing’s row in honor of the foreman. Reference: Olson 1930s.<br />
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<b>Oregon City Canal</b>. See Willamette Falls Locks, Clackamas County.<br />
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<b>Oregon City Woolen Manufacturing Company</b>. The Oregon City Woolen Manufacturing Company, established in 1865, was on the Willamette River in Oregon City. In 1868, it became the first textile manufacturer in the state to hire Chinese workers. Reference: Ooligan Press and Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association 2007: 56.<br />
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<b>Oswego Iron Works</b>. Oswego Iron Works of Oregon City, also known as Oswego Iron Company, is reported as the first industry in the Northwest to employ Chinese in a foundry and nearby iron mine. Starting in 1867, 18 Chinese began work in the mine. By 1888, there were as many as 150 Chinese workers, mostly in the charcoal-making process. The iron furnace is on the National Registry of Historic Places. Reference: Corning 1973: 177; Tucker 2002; National Registry of Historic Places n.d.<br />
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<b>Willamette Falls Locks</b>. Willamette Falls Locks, also known as the Oregon City Canal, is located on the Willamette River between West Linn and Oregon City. Chinese labor was used in the construction, being completed in 1872, and opening on January 1, 1873. The locks are on the National Registry of Historic Places and a Oregon Historic Civil Engineering Landmark. Reference: McConnell 1979: 74; West n.d. “Oregon City Oregon.”<br />
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<b>References</b><br />
Corning, Howard McKinley. 1973. <i>Willamette Landings</i>. Portland, Oregon: Oregon Historical Society.<br />
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McConnell, Gregory. 1979. “An Historical Geography of the Chinese in Oregon.” Masters thesis, University of Oregon.<br><br>
Miller, Marilee. 2009. “The Corvallis Gazette, Corvallis, Oregon.” <i>Coos County and Oregon History</i>. http://coquillevalley.org/history/years-ago/covallisgazette/ Accessed November 29, 2010.<br />
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National Registry of Historic Places. n.d. “Oregon Iron Company.” http://nrhp.focus.nps/natregsearchresult.do?fullsheet:true&recordid=0/ Accessed December 5, 2010.<br />
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Olson, Charles Oluf. 1930s. <i>The History of Milwaukie, Oregon</i>. Federal Writers Project of the Works in Progress Administration, (date estimated).<br />
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Ooligan Press and Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association. 2007. <i>Dreams of the West</i>. Portland, Oregon: Ooligan Press, Portland State University.<br />
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Tucker, 2002. “Oswego Iron Works.” <i>The Oregon History Project</i>. http://www.ohs.org/education/oregonhistory/historical_records/dspDocument.cfm?doc_ID=0000436F-F705-1DBE-BB3880B05272FE9F/ Accessed December 5, 2010.<br />
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West, Robert D. n.d. “Milwaukie, Oregon.” <i>Places</i>. http://myweb.msoe.edu/~westr/milwaukie.htm Accessed December 5, 2010.<br />
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_______. n.d. “Oregon City Oregon.” <i>Places</i>. http://myweb.msoe.edu/~westr/oregon.htm/ Accessed December 5, 2010.<br />
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12740022173774915221noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1408942832060826226.post-90525361182561591542014-08-24T17:17:00.002-07:002014-08-24T17:20:00.927-07:00Clatsop County<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCtUjkTaMbibjstX0zGy5CCCabx22Aw3cZ4obSlOkPb9O1ssbDhrwpFGdx4Z3fp6vrC1_MDYn5hyt-4x4RcTY6dOzAK0eY8NTdTKn815yDWnIqmSPiBe_pjvBnw79hNfgss1M1XMXF3qc/s1600/Pillars1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" closure_lm_96398="null" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCtUjkTaMbibjstX0zGy5CCCabx22Aw3cZ4obSlOkPb9O1ssbDhrwpFGdx4Z3fp6vrC1_MDYn5hyt-4x4RcTY6dOzAK0eY8NTdTKn815yDWnIqmSPiBe_pjvBnw79hNfgss1M1XMXF3qc/s1600/Pillars1.jpg" height="240" oua="true" title="Garden of Surging Waves Pavillion, City of Astoria" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b>Astoria Chinatown</b>. Astoria Chinatown was located in the swampy area at the corner of Concomly and Washington Street (today’s 6th and Astor) by 1877. Its center was at Chenamus and Main (today’s 9th and Bond). It consisted of a several businesses, a boarding house, mess hall, laundry, and cabins. The Chinese worked outside the Chinatown in the fisheries, shoe manufacturing, and as laborers. The area was renovated with the Chinese being displaced by 1879 with some relocating to Upper Astoria. Astoria Chinatown is within the boundaries of Astoria Downtown Historic District. Representative businesses of Astoria Chinatown were: Hop Hing Lung Company opened in 1889. Lum Quing Grocery Company opened in 1908. Reference: <i>National Register of Historic Places Listings in Clatsop County, Oregon 2009</i>; Penner 1990: 26, 27, 29, 52, 63.<br />
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<b>Astoria Chinese Burial Site</b>. The site was on a hill near present-day 16th Street in the City of Astoria. There were at least five grave sites at the location by October 1876 when a Ching Ming celebration was conducted. Reference: Penner 1990: 25.<br />
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<b>Astoria Chinese Gardens</b>. Astoria Chinese Gardens was located in the area of today’s Harrison Drive loop in the City of Astoria. The gardeners provided fresh vegetables to Astoria Chinatown and the general population. A housing tract replaced the gardens after World War II. Reference: Penner 2011.<br />
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<b>Chinese Bunk House, Elmore Cannery</b>. Chinese Bunk House at Elmore Cannery in Astoria was built in 1915 to house Chinese who worked at the cannery. They were the majority of workers. The building became the cannery office and was destroyed by fire in 1984. The cannery is one of the most well documented of the Columbia River canneries. Reference: “Astoria Warehousing Inc. Area.”<br />
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<b>Garden of Surging Waves</b>. The Garden of Surging Waves commemorates the Chinese heritage of Astoria. It is located in the northwest corner of Heritage Square between Duane, Exchange, 11th and 12th Streets, adjacent to City Hall. The open space with artwork and walking paths is within the newly developed Heritage Park at 9th Street and Astor Street. The opening ceremony took place on May 17, 2014. Reference: http://astoriachineseheritage.org/ Accessed June 27, 2014.<br />
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<b>Kinney Cannery</b>. Kinney Cannery was at No. 1 Sixth Street. The cannery began operation in 1876 and had a workforce that was almost exclusively Chinese. The site was placed on the National Registry of Historic Places in 1989. Image Reference: Lockley 1928, vol. 2: 98; “No. 1 Sixth Street.”<br />
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<b>Upper Astoria Chinatown</b>. By 1880, the Upper Astoria Chinatown was clearly identifiable with a Chinese population of 924. Reference: Penner 1990: 63.<br />
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<b>West Astoria Chinese Gardens</b>. West Astoria Chinese Gardens were located near Smith Point, close to today’s W. Marine Drive in the City of Astoria during the late 1800s. Like Astoria Chinese Gardens, the growers provided fresh vegetable to the surrounding community. Reference: Penner 2011.<br />
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<b>References </b><br />
“Astoria Warehousing Inc. Area.” <i>Astoria’s History Along the Tracks</i>. http://homepage.mac.com/cear/trolley/ahistory.html/ Accessed February 28, 2011.<br />
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Lockley, Fred. 1928, <i>History of the Columbia River Valley, From the Dalles to the Sea</i>. Vol. 2. Chicago, Illinois: S.J. Clarke Publishing Company.<br />
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<i>National Register of Historic Places Listings in Clatsop County, Oregon. 2009</i>. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Clatsop_County,_Oregon/ Accessed November 30, 2010.<br />
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“No. 1 Sixth Street.” <i>Astoria’s History Along the Tracks</i>. http://homepage.mac.com/cear/trolley/ahistory.html/ Accessed February 28, 2011.<br />
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Ooligan Press and Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association. 2007. <i>Dreams of the West</i>. Portland, Oregon: Ooligan Press, Portland State University.<br />
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Penner, Liisa. 1990. <i>The Chinese in Astoria, Oregon, 1870-1880. Astoria, Oregon</i>.<br />
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Penner, Liisa. 2011. Email communication. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12740022173774915221noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1408942832060826226.post-34862880047103697652014-08-24T17:16:00.000-07:002014-08-24T17:16:02.105-07:00Columbia County<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsYrs7V5Xfpo0bIOIOca1zbVdmZ8LbL_f_M4NdxuEPArme2_gMzmCHhmmF5zEmlhwDFo03HxHaM4LIWzN3BirnG4mAuSfXSvxaLJtypu_AlpNV0NOrdUTgGOkilPY9_24HphhCBzWzUvo/s1600/ChineseManFishesColumbiaRiver.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" closure_lm_939229="null" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsYrs7V5Xfpo0bIOIOca1zbVdmZ8LbL_f_M4NdxuEPArme2_gMzmCHhmmF5zEmlhwDFo03HxHaM4LIWzN3BirnG4mAuSfXSvxaLJtypu_AlpNV0NOrdUTgGOkilPY9_24HphhCBzWzUvo/s1600/ChineseManFishesColumbiaRiver.jpg" oua="true" title="Fishing on the Columbia River, circa 1890. Source: Unknown." /></a></div>
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<b>Oak Point Chinese Residence</b>.</div>
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The 1880 U.S. Census lists 18 Chinese living in one residence in the town of Oak Point, all employed as cannery workers. The names given below are those recorded by the census taker. It would appear that the census taker had some difficulty with the Chinese names.</div>
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Reference: Columbia County Oregon: History and Genealogy 1986.</div>
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<b>Rainier Chinese Residence</b>.</div>
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The 1880 U.S. Census lists 20 Chinese living in a single residence in the town of Rainier. The following are their names and occupation stated in the census. Note that some names are the same as those in Oak Point.</div>
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Reference: Columbia County Oregon: History and Genealogy 1986.</div>
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Columbia County Oregon: History and Genealogy. 1986. “Index of the 1880 Census of Columbia County, Oregon.” http://www.oregongeneeaology.com/columbia/census/cindex.htm/ Accessed December 6, 2010. </div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12740022173774915221noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1408942832060826226.post-1455362838784044682014-08-24T17:14:00.004-07:002014-08-24T17:14:59.655-07:00Coos County<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b>Agate Beach Chinese Jade Mine</b>.<br />
Agate Beach Chinese Jade Mine was above Agate Beach near the town of Gold Beach. Chinese miners in the 1800s reportedly mined jade (nephrite), shipping it to China. Reference: <i>Southern Oregon.com</i>.<br />
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<b>Chetco River Chinese Mining Camp</b>. Chinese placer miners established a camp on the Chetco River between the towns of Brookings and Harbor. Reference: Douthit 1999. <br />
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<b>China Bar</b>. China Bar is located on the Rogue River about one half mile above the mouth of Mule Creek. The bar was named for Chow Long who lived in the area. Reference: McArthur and McArthur 2003: 198; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ Series, <i>Kelsey Peak, Oregon</i>, 1998.<br />
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<b>China Creek</b>. China Creek empties into the Pacific Ocean at Samuel Boardman State Park, north of the town of Brookings. An early placer gold site, mining at China Creek dates to 1852-1853. Reference: Bright 1961: 215; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Carpenterville, Oregon</i>, 1998.<br />
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<b>China Bar Rapids</b>. China Bar Rapids are located between China Bar and Mule Creek. The rapids are approximately 0.2 miles in length and ranked as class III. It was named after nearby China Bar. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Marial, Oregon</i>, 1998.<br />
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<b>China Mountain</b>. China Mountain has a northwest-southeast trend with peaks at 1388 feet above sea level. It lies between Chap Creek and Hubbard Creek about four miles southeast of the town of Port Orford. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Port Orford, Oregon</i>, 1980.<br />
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<b>China Mountain Road</b>. China Mountain Road is located in the town of Port Orford. Its name is derived from China Mountain that lies east of the town. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Port Orford, Oregon</i>, 1980.<br />
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<b>China Peak</b>. China Peak is 2040 feet above sea level on Moon Mountain. It is about nine miles east of the town of Port Oxford. Its shape is roughly that of the peasant hat worn by early Chinese immigrants. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Mount Butler, Oregon</i>, 1980.<br />
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<b>References </b><br />
Bright, Verne. 1961. “Blue Mountain Eldorados: Auburn: 1861.” <i>Oregon Historical Quarterly</i>, September: 213-228.<br />
<br />
Douthit, Nathan. 1999. <i>A Guide to Oregon South Coast History</i>. Corvallis, Oregon: Oregon State University Press.<br />
<br />
McArthur, Lewis A. and Lewis L. McArthur. 2003. <i>Oregon Geographic Names</i>. 7th ed. Portland, Oregon: Oregon Historical Society Press.<br />
<br />
<i>Southern Oregon.com</i>. "Gold Beach, Oregon." http://www.southernoregon.com/goldbeach/index.html/ Accessed July 5, 2014.<br />
<br />
U.S.G.S. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Carpenterville, Oregon</i>, 1980.<br />
<br />
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Kelsey Peak, Oregon</i>, 1998.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Marial, Oregon</i>, 1998.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Mount Butler, Oregon</i>, 1980.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Port Oxford, Oregon</i>, 1980.<br />
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12740022173774915221noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1408942832060826226.post-63042787905403443992014-08-24T17:14:00.001-07:002014-08-24T17:14:06.278-07:00Curry County<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3R0OarcRUf-vsTcvRj6CPphFiLseH64ODAr0ydkO-EMqae5kqcAd9ZZcxIg0C30hZLSAyADEDf2yvuDi4YnLGZVLpzhleAIl6T6hh1hHchiMktyd7z4bOkWz_ZOeD9wXLF02WhtrbtIo/s1600/Agate-Beach-sand.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" closure_lm_896850="null" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3R0OarcRUf-vsTcvRj6CPphFiLseH64ODAr0ydkO-EMqae5kqcAd9ZZcxIg0C30hZLSAyADEDf2yvuDi4YnLGZVLpzhleAIl6T6hh1hHchiMktyd7z4bOkWz_ZOeD9wXLF02WhtrbtIo/s1600/Agate-Beach-sand.jpg" height="213" oua="true" title="Agate Beach. Source: paulnoll.com." width="320" /></a></div>
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<b>Agate Beach Chinese Jade Mine</b>.<br />
Agate Beach Chinese Jade Mine was above Agate Beach near the town of Gold Beach. Chinese miners in the 1800s reportedly mined jade (nephrite), shipping it to China. Reference: <i>Southern Oregon.com</i>.<br />
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<b>Chetco River Chinese Mining Camp</b>. Chinese placer miners established a camp on the Chetco River between the towns of Brookings and Harbor. Reference: Douthit 1999. <br />
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<b>China Bar</b>. China Bar is located on the Rogue River about one half mile above the mouth of Mule Creek. The bar was named for Chow Long who lived in the area. Reference: McArthur and McArthur 2003: 198; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ Series, <i>Kelsey Peak, Oregon</i>, 1998.<br />
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<b>China Creek</b>. China Creek empties into the Pacific Ocean at Samuel Boardman State Park, north of the town of Brookings. An early placer gold site, mining at China Creek dates to 1852-1853. Reference: Bright 1961: 215; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Carpenterville, Oregon</i>, 1998.<br />
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<b>China Bar Rapids</b>. China Bar Rapids are located between China Bar and Mule Creek. The rapids are approximately 0.2 miles in length and ranked as class III. It was named after nearby China Bar. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Marial, Oregon</i>, 1998.<br />
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<b>China Mountain</b>. China Mountain has a northwest-southeast trend with peaks at 1388 feet above sea level. It lies between Chap Creek and Hubbard Creek about four miles southeast of the town of Port Orford. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Port Orford, Oregon</i>, 1980.<br />
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<b>China Mountain Road</b>. China Mountain Road is located in the town of Port Orford. Its name is derived from China Mountain that lies east of the town. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Port Orford, Oregon</i>, 1980.<br />
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<b>China Peak</b>. China Peak is 2040 feet above sea level on Moon Mountain. It is about nine miles east of the town of Port Oxford. Its shape is roughly that of the peasant hat worn by early Chinese immigrants. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Mount Butler, Oregon</i>, 1980.<br />
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<b>References </b><br />
Bright, Verne. 1961. “Blue Mountain Eldorados: Auburn: 1861.” <i>Oregon Historical Quarterly</i>, September: 213-228.<br />
<br />
Douthit, Nathan. 1999. <i>A Guide to Oregon South Coast History</i>. Corvallis, Oregon: Oregon State University Press.<br />
<br />
McArthur, Lewis A. and Lewis L. McArthur. 2003. <i>Oregon Geographic Names</i>. 7th ed. Portland, Oregon: Oregon Historical Society Press.<br />
<br />
<i>Southern Oregon.com</i>. "Gold Beach, Oregon." http://www.southernoregon.com/goldbeach/index.html/ Accessed July 5, 2014.<br />
<br />
U.S.G.S. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Carpenterville, Oregon</i>, 1980.<br />
<br />
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Kelsey Peak, Oregon</i>, 1998.<br />
<br />
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Marial, Oregon</i>, 1998.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Mount Butler, Oregon</i>, 1980.<br />
<br />
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Port Oxford, Oregon</i>, 1980.<br />
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12740022173774915221noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1408942832060826226.post-78497495777650171432014-08-24T17:13:00.001-07:002014-08-24T17:13:07.471-07:00Deschutes County<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXruOvv84Iyet_dJYRw1hUTtAdXfH_yDLTwtrrqdrvqTBfzJvioj0gY0MiOuG-HlyCbRIULSevcQrK3STOIpL2htcXtWOMr90RUyFew1WAz0GWe595iZ4Ky02zGTvgLlQ5pjKX9pMxxNw/s1600/ChinaHatBest.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" closure_lm_540255="null" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXruOvv84Iyet_dJYRw1hUTtAdXfH_yDLTwtrrqdrvqTBfzJvioj0gY0MiOuG-HlyCbRIULSevcQrK3STOIpL2htcXtWOMr90RUyFew1WAz0GWe595iZ4Ky02zGTvgLlQ5pjKX9pMxxNw/s1600/ChinaHatBest.jpg" height="150" title="China Hat as seen from China Hat Road." width="200" wua="true" /></a></div>
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<b>China Hat</b>. China Hat is an 80,000 year old volcanic dome southeast of the City of Bend within the Deschutes National Forest. The 6573 feet above sea level peak supported a fire lookout tower until the 1930s. Its name was probably derived from its shape, being similar to the conical farmer-style hat worn by Chinese in the second half of the 1800s. The peak, with its distinctive shape, served as a landmark indicator when travelling in the Fort Rock-Bend area. Reference: Interview, February 10, 2011; Jensen 1995: 148-49; McArthur and McArthur 2003: 199; U.S.G.S. quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>China Hat, Oregon</i>, 1990. <br />
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<b>China Hat Recreation Area</b>. China Hat Recreation Area is on the south side of China Hat at its base. The area has a campground and hiking trails. There are also lava tubes and ice caves. The area is accessible via China Hat Road. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>China Hat, Oregon</i>, 1990.<br />
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<b>China Hat Road</b>. China Hat Road (Forest Service Road 18) extends southeastward from the City of Bend, past China Hat, continuing to Fort Rock where it becomes Cabin Lake Road. Much of the current road extending from Bend to China Hat itself consists of parts of the Brooks-Scanlon logging mainline railroad built after 1914. The initial work on the road from China Hat to Cabin Lake Road was accomplished by Fort Rock homesteaders led by George Reels in 1915. Reference: Brogan 1969: 2; Gould 1915.<br />
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<b>Hi Loy Mercantile</b>. Hi Loy Mercantile is part of the Spirit of the West exhibit in the High Desert Museum on Highway 97 in the City of Bend. The store is modeled after a 1880s Chinese-owned business that typically sold Chinese goods, hand tools for mining, food stuffs, etc. The store also advertises itself as a labor contractor. Reference: High Desert Museum 2010.</div>
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<b>References </b></div>
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Brogan, Phil F. 1969. <i>Visitor Information Service Book for the Deschutes National Forest</i>.</div>
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Gould, Robert B. 1915. <i>Map of the Deschutes Valley Central Oregon</i>.</div>
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High Desert Museum. 2010. http://www.highdesertmuseum.org/ Accessed October 12, 2010.</div>
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Interview. February 10, 2011. Historian/archeologist, USDA Forest Service, Bend/Fort Rock Ranger District.</div>
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Jensen, Robert A. 1995. <i>Roadside Guide to the Geology of the Newberry Volcano</i>. Bend, Oregon: CenOreGeoPub.</div>
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McArthur, Lewis A. and Lewis L. McArthur. 2003 7th ed. <i>Oregon Geographic Names</i>. Portland, Oregon: Oregon Historical Society Press.</div>
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U.S.G.S. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>China Hat, Oregon</i>,1982. </div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12740022173774915221noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1408942832060826226.post-31755239832684642014-08-24T17:12:00.001-07:002014-08-24T17:12:06.959-07:00Douglas County<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJFwBdbc9o9pBjDIlvdv1vVC91YPeRdzi8sfQ1aGv-E0SR6mfc5LzGvgd-iRewzZVf3aubHPCjZYmOsif40GmWgL-R9s6ObRlZwhYP8B6uqptUqzYyIR9Zbf-38fDqhTJCHmGhKVRRiGw/s1600/ChinaDitchDouglas.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" closure_lm_540255="null" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJFwBdbc9o9pBjDIlvdv1vVC91YPeRdzi8sfQ1aGv-E0SR6mfc5LzGvgd-iRewzZVf3aubHPCjZYmOsif40GmWgL-R9s6ObRlZwhYP8B6uqptUqzYyIR9Zbf-38fDqhTJCHmGhKVRRiGw/s1600/ChinaDitchDouglas.gif" height="200" title="China Ditch Driving/Walking Trail. Red line indicates the trail. Source: http://www.blm.gov/or/districts/roseburg/recreation/chinaditch/" width="190" wua="true" /></a></div>
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<b>China Creek</b>. China Creek flows westward into Council Creek about 1¼ miles south of Cornutt. The area experienced wide-spread mining activity dating to the late 1800s. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Nickel Mountain, Oregon</i>, 1986. <br />
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<b>China Creek Road</b>. China Creek Road parallels China Creek south of Cornutt. Its name is taken from China Creek. Reference: “China Creek Road”; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Nickel Mountain</i>, Oregon, 1986.<br />
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<b>China Ditch Driving/Walking Loop</b>. China Ditch extended from the headwaters of Cavitt Creek to North Myrtle Creek. The five foot deep, 30 mile long canal, including a 400 foot tunnel, was intended to bring water for hydraulic mining, irrigation, and to serve as a lumber flume for the town of Myrtle Creek. By 1891, there were as many as 200 Chinese working on the project. The ditch was three miles short of completion when the project ceased operation in 1894. China Ditch is on the National Registry of Historic Places. Reference: “China Ditch History”; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Dixonville, Oregon</i>, 1987; _______. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Lane Mountain, Oregon</i>, 1998; _______. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Myrtle Creek, Oregon</i>, 1987.<br />
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<b>Clearwater River Chinese Massacre</b>. The Clearwater River, a 15 mile-long tributary of the North Umpqua River approximately 50 miles east of Roseburg, was the site of the massacre. Approximately 30 Chinese were killed in 1877 by a band of Native Americans. Reference: Penner 1990: 27.<br />
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<b>References </b><br />
“China Creek Road.” <i>MapQuest</i>. http://www.mapquest.com./ Accessed December 15, 2010.<br />
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“China Ditch History.” Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management. http://www.blm.gov/or/districts/roseburg/recreation/chinaditch/history.php/ Accessed December 12, 2010.<br />
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U.S.G.S. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Dixonville, Oregon</i>, 1987.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Lane Mountain, Oregon</i>, 1998.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Myrtle Creek, Oregon</i>, 1987.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Nickel Mountain, Oregon</i>, 1986. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12740022173774915221noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1408942832060826226.post-14264520237109334982014-08-24T17:11:00.000-07:002014-08-24T17:11:01.217-07:00Gilliam County<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdcH7FvkPqlva0-w1Q4Oig9HvDl2JgtAbxPD5Ue6bleFnd2GqVd0qMltwCpYlkENX36bSzdkS7fARzOOhNxuhg12M3pJCuRw4iNvXMlEVKJJrQl3WrohNyzP3CTNBDc18u2SiexSrTLgg/s1600/ChinaCreekBridgeArlington.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" closure_lm_586207="null" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdcH7FvkPqlva0-w1Q4Oig9HvDl2JgtAbxPD5Ue6bleFnd2GqVd0qMltwCpYlkENX36bSzdkS7fARzOOhNxuhg12M3pJCuRw4iNvXMlEVKJJrQl3WrohNyzP3CTNBDc18u2SiexSrTLgg/s1600/ChinaCreekBridgeArlington.jpg" height="150" title="Bridge over China Creek. Source: http://www.panoramio.com" width="200" wua="true" /></a></div>
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<b>China Creek</b>. China Creek is an intermittent stream approximately 5.5 miles in length that extends from the town of Arlington southeast through Alkali Canyon. It was initially known as China Ditch. See China Ditch, Gilliam County. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Arlington, Oregon/Washington</i>, 1971.</div>
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<b>China Creek Golf Course</b>. The 18 hole golf course derives its name from nearby China Creek. Reference: http://www.golflink.com/</div>
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<b>China Ditch</b>. Chinese laborers constructed a drainage ditch adjacent to the Condon branch of the Union Pacific Railroad tracks in 1904. The canal, trending southeast, goes through the town of Arlington and Alkali Canyon. Subsequently, a Chinese family operated a laundry next to the ditch, causing it to be known as China Ditch. Reference: McArthur and McArthur 2003: 198-199.</div>
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<b>References </b></div>
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China Creek Golf Course. http://www.golflink.com/ Accessed 3/24/2012.</div>
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<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
McArthur, Lewis A. and Lewis L. McArthur. 2003. <i>Oregon Geographic Names</i>. 7th ed. Portland, Oregon: Oregon Historical Society Press.</div>
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U.S.G.S. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Arlington, Oregon/Washington</i>, 1971. </div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12740022173774915221noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1408942832060826226.post-43583052534345174542014-08-24T17:09:00.001-07:002014-11-26T15:04:24.907-08:00Grant County<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjxXEwADXeY3i2axJ1ANGPUZP50qYyv8I1cyC4EbEK30vojnYsuqY-Sl2jyl7TWf4rMS3Yre19kEX3dc-Wvq7T0e1SbpHhhNn2vXV9FjzWhlRUATphBwGxW7pelWLBxRDWdfDEmQY93GQ/s1600/LungOnIngHay1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" closure_lm_389029="null" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjxXEwADXeY3i2axJ1ANGPUZP50qYyv8I1cyC4EbEK30vojnYsuqY-Sl2jyl7TWf4rMS3Yre19kEX3dc-Wvq7T0e1SbpHhhNn2vXV9FjzWhlRUATphBwGxW7pelWLBxRDWdfDEmQY93GQ/s1600/LungOnIngHay1.jpg" height="147" title="Lung Lung On (left), Ing Hay (third from left) and friends. Source: Kam Wah Chung & Co. Muesum." width="200" wua="true" /></a></div>
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<b>Ah Hee Diggings</b>. Ah Hee Diggings is about one mile north of the community of Granite, next to Granite Creek in the Granite Mining District. Covering approximately 60 acres, the site shows evidence of Chinese living facilities, a mess hall, extensive ditch system, and rows of stacked rock. Records indicate Chinese had worked claims in the area as early as 1867. (See Chinese Walls, Grant County). Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; Wegars 1995: 34-38, 61-64. <br />
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<b>Ah Hee Reservoir. </b>Ah Hee Reservoir was on Granite Creek within the Granite Mining District. It was a water holding facility used for hydraulic mining, feed by small ditches from Granite Creek and Last Chance Creek. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; Wegars 1995: 127.<br />
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<b>Ah Hee Walls</b>. Ah Hee Walls, also known as Chinese Walls, are located within the Ah Hee Diggings and is the result of Chinese miners hand-stacking rocks in a manner that appears to form walls. The rocks are concentrated by hydraulic mining and must be moved in order to retrieve the gold and/or allow for further hydraulic and placer mining. See Ah Hee Diggings, Grant County. Reference: Wegars 1995: 42.<br />
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<b>Blue Gulch</b>. The stream in Blue Gulch flows northward into Canyon Creek north of Canyon City in the Canyon Mining District. Grant County records and map information indicate Chinese mining activity in the gulch. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; Steeves 1984: 201; U.S.G.S. quadrangle 7.5’ series, John Day, Oregon, 1995.<br />
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<b>Canton Street</b>. Canton Street (today’s NW Canton Street) was the main street of the John Day Chinatown. See John Day Chinatown, Grant County. Reference: Barlow and Richardson 1979: 92.<br />
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<b>Canyon Creek</b>. Canyon Creek flows north past Canyon City where it joins the John Day River. It was the center of the Canyon Creek Mining District. Grant County records and map information indicate the Chinese mined the creek. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; Steeves 1984: 201; U.S.G.S. quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>John Day, Oregon</i>, 1995.<br />
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<b>Canyon City Chinatown</b>. Canyon City Chinatown began shortly after 1862 when gold was discovered nearby in what became known as the Canyon Creek Mining District. The Chinatown had several hundred occupants, mostly from Sze Yup District near Canton, China. When Canyon City Chinatown burned in 1885, the Sze Yup relocated to John Day Chinatown where they became the dominant group, displacing those from Sam Yup. (See John Day Chinatown, Grant County). Reference: Barlow and Richardson 1979: 9, 12, 25; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999.<br />
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<b>China Cap</b>. China Cap is a peak standing 3490 feet above sea level. It’s somewhat conical shape has an appearance similar to the peasant hat worn by Chinese in the 1800s. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Turner Mountain, Oregon</i>, 1980.<br />
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<b>China Diggings Mine</b>. China Diggings Mine is on the west side of nearby Granite Boulder Creek within the Greenhorn Mining District. It was a site of Chinese placer gold mining. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; Wagner 1945; U.S.G.S. quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Boulder Butte, Oregon</i>, 1995.<br />
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<b>China Ditch</b>. The ditch/canal was constructed by Chinese in order to bring water to the hydraulic mining that took place near Prairie City within the nearby Canyon Creek Mining District during the late 1800s. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; Edson 1974: 19.<br />
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<b>China Gulch</b>. China Gulch flows into Granite Creek within the Granite Mining District. The gulch itself was the site of extensive gold mining activity. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; U.S.G.S. quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Granite, Oregon</i>, 1995.<br />
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<b>China Hat Spring</b>. China Hat Spring is located between Widows Creek in the west and Wikiup Creek in the east. The spring is within the Canyon Creek Mining District. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Big Weasel Spring, Oregon</i>, 1998.<br />
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<b>China Meadow</b>. China Meadow is in the Granite Mining District and lies between McCarty Creek and Wagner Gulch approximately ½ mile northwest of the community of Granite. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Silver Butte, Oregon</i>, 1980.<br />
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<b>China Peak</b>. China Peak stands 4449 feet above sea level between Cottonwood Creek and Straight Creek. Its roughly conical shape has an appearance similar to the peasant hat worn by Chinese in the 1800s. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ Series, <i>Courthouse Rock</i>, Oregon, 1980.<br />
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<b>Chinaman Trail</b>. Chinaman Trail trends in a northerly direction from the aqueduct connecting Olive Lake and North Fork Creek in the North Fork Mining District. Placer gold mining began in the district in 1860s. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Olive Lake, Oregon</i>, 1980.<br />
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<b>Chinese Walls</b>. Chinese Walls are between the North Fork John Day Campground and the town of Granite along an eight mile stretch of National Service Forest Road 73. The walls were created by Chinese placer miners who removed and stacked rocks from and along Granite Creek in their effort to retrieve gold. Reference: “Recreational Opportunities: Blue Mountains Scenic Bypass.”; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Granite, Oregon</i>, 1995; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Trout Meadows, Oregon</i>, 1995.<br />
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<b>Dixie Creek Chinese Mines</b>. Dixie Creek flows southward through Prairie City into the John Day River in the Quartzburg Mining District. Grant County records and map information indicate Chinese mining activity along Dixie Creek. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; Steeves 1984: 201; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Prairie City, Oregon</i>, 1996.<br />
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<b>Dixie Meadow Mine</b>. Dixie Meadow Mine is on North Fork Dixie Creek that flows into Dixie Creek within the Quartzburg Mining District. Grant County records and map information indicate Chinese mining activity in and around the mine. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; Steeves 1984: 201; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Dixie Meadows, Oregon</i>, 1996.<br />
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<b>Dutch Flat</b>. Dutch Flat is adjacent to Dutch Flat Creek that flows northeast into North Powder River. Grant County records indicate that Chinese miners were active in the area. Reference: Steeves 1984: 201; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <b>Rock Creek, Oregon</b>, 1984.<br />
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<b>Granite City Chinatown</b>. Granite Chinatown was on the upper part of today’s Main Street in Granite City. The Chinatown consisted of stores, a butcher shop, tailor, residences, etc., serving the needs of the Chinese miners in the Granite Mining District. The 1870 census reported 365 Chinese with the 1910 census indicating no Chinese living there. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; McConnell 1979; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Granite, Oregon,</i> 1995; Wegars 1995: 38, 43.<br />
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<b>Granite Creek</b>. Granite Creek has hydraulic mine tailings extending about three miles along its course near Granite City. It was the center of the Granite Creek Mining District. Grant County records and map information indicate the Chinese placer mined throughout. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; Steeves 1984: 201; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Granite, Oregon</i>, 1995.<br />
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<b>Happy Camp Chinese Mine</b>. Happy Camp Chinese Mine was located on Dixie Creek, a tributary of Eagle Creek, and was near the North Fork Mining District. Chinese miners reworked the tailings from an earlier hydraulic mining effort. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; Steeves 1984: 148.<br />
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<b>Harve Fields Ranch</b>. Harve Fields, owner of one of the earliest ranches in the John Day Valley, hired only Chinese who worked as sheepherders, cowboys, and cooks. A Chinese with the nickname, “Buckaroo Sam,” was the ranch foreman. Sam spent years also working at the Stuart Ranch. He was a contemporary of Doc Hay. (See Kam Wah Chung & Co. Building, Grant County). Reference: Ooligan Press and Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association 2007: 44-45; Parks, Annette White 1985.<br />
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<b>Horseshoe Bar</b>. Horseshoe Bar is located at the mouth of Horseshoe Creek where it joins North Fork Malheur River near the Canyon Creek Mining District. The area was hydraulic mined in the 1880s. Grant Count records indicate Chinese miners worked the area. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; Steeves 1984: 201; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Little Baldy Mountain, Oregon</i>, 1998.<br />
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<b>Humbolt Mine</b>. The Humboldt Mine, established in 1862, was one of the earliest along Canyon Creek in the Canyon Creek Mining District. It was originally a placer operation and by the 1880s, it employed hydraulic mining techniques. The Chinese who worked there received 5-10% of the annual yield as their share. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; Steeves 1984: 113.<br />
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<b>Ing Hay Way</b>. Ing Hay Way joins NW Canton Street in the town of John Day. The 100 foot-long road leads to the Kam Wah Chung & Co. building. Reference: Oregon Parks and Recreation Department 2009.<br />
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<b>John Day Chinatown</b>. By 1887, the John Day Chinatown had three stores, a Joss house, laundry, and vegetable gardens. A fish pond and duck pond occupied depressions left from gold dredging. At its height, the population was 500-600, with those from the Sze Yup district near Canton, China displacing those from the Sam Yup District, China. By 1940, the population was less than 20. The site of the Chinatown is now the John Day City Park. (See Canton Street, Grant County). Reference: Barlow and Richardson 1979: 9, 13, 40, 41; Wegars 1995: 26.<br />
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<b>John Day Joss House</b>. John Day Joss House was a one story structure near the Kam Wah Chung & Co. building in the John Day Chinatown. The Taoist temple was the spiritual focus of the Chinatown. Reference: Barlow and Richardson 1979: 111. <br />
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<b>Junction Bar</b>. Junction Bar is located at Junction Creek where the creek enters South Fork John Day River near the Canyon Creek Mining District. Grant County records indicate Chinese mined the area. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; Steeves 1984: 201; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Suplee Butte, Oregon</i>, 1992.<br />
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<b>Kam Wah Chung & Co. Building</b>. Located in the John Day Chinatown, the structure was built in 1866-1867 by Chinese. Its thick walls and iron shutters on the exterior of the building suggest it was originally a fortified trading post along the Dallas-Boise Military Road. The building was purchased by Chinese in 1889, eventually becoming the Kam Wah Chung & Co. store. A second story was added to the store in the 1890s in anticipation of an increase in business resulting from new nearby gold discoveries and the prospect of railroad construction. The increase and railroad did not occur. The last owners were Ing “Doc” Hay, an herbalist, and Lung On, a business man who became the first in John Day to install a telephone and electricity. Through the years, the building served as a general store, medical office, hiring hall, and post office. After the death of Lung On in 1940, Ing Hay continued to operate the store until 1948 when illness caused him to relocate to Portland. Upon his death in 1952, his heir effectively sealed the store, deeding it to the City of John Day in 1955 with the stipulation that it become a museum. (See Kam Wah Chung & Co. Musuem).Reference: Barlow and Richardson 1979: 13, 28-29, 39, 40; Hagemeier 2004: C1, C8; McConnell 1979: 57-58.<br />
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<b>Kam Wah Chung & Co. Museum</b>. The Kam Wah Chung & Co. building served as a social and economic focus of the John Day Chinatown from the 1860s to the early 1950s. The heir of Ing Hay, the last owner, gave the building to the City of John Day in 1955. It sat closed and undisturbed for years. When work began on converting it to a museum in the 1970s, the building proved to be a time capsule containing a complete Chinese store of the nineteenth century. It held artifacts, documents, equipment, furniture, herbal remedies, food stuffs, dry goods, mining and carpentry tools and more. Having been the residence of Ing Hay, his daily life was preserved to include a small Taoist shrine. Converting the store into a museum involved Oregon State Parks and Recreation, Oregon Department of Transportation, National Park Service, American Revolution Bicentennial Committee, National Trust, Oregon Historical Society, and Friends of the Kam Wah Chung Museum. (See Kam Wah Chung & Co. Building, Grant County). Reference: Barlow and Richardson 1979: 13, 28-29, 96. <br />
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<b>Lung On Car Dealership</b>. Lung On’s Pontiac car dealership was on Main Street in the town of John Day. It was the first automobile dealership in Eastern Oregon and he was probably the first Chinese American auto dealer in the United States. Adjacent was his service station known as The Tourist Garage. Reference: Grant County, Oregon. History and Genealogy 1998; “Lung On (1863-1940)”; Powell 1990: 11.<br />
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<b>Marysville Mining Area</b>. The Marysville Mining area is in the Canyon Creek Mining District about two miles southeast of Canyon City. It was first mined in 1862. Chinese artifacts have been found throughout the area. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; Steeves 1984: 116.<br />
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<b>Monument Chinatown</b>. Monument Chinatown in the community of Monument was on present-day Highway 402 at the North Fork John Day River. When the gold in that part of the Canyon Creek Mining District played out, the Chinese went to new areas. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; McConnell 1979; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Monument, Oregon</i>, 1995. <br />
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<b>Mount Vernon Chinatown</b>. Mount Vernon Chinatown, in the community of Mount Vernon on Highway 26, was a short-lived concentration of Chinese. It quickly disappeared as gold mining in that portion of the Canyon Creek Mining District diminished. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; McConnell 1979; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Mount Vernon, Oregon</i>, 1998; Wegars 1995: 11.<br />
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<b>Olive Creek</b>. Olive Creek joins Clear Creek which flows into Granite Creek within the Granite Mining District. Grant County records and map information indicates Chinese miners worked the extensive placer deposits of Olive Creek. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; Steeves 1984: 201; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Granite, Oregon</i>, 1995.<br />
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<b>Oriental Creek</b>. Oriental Creek flows south into North Fork of John Day River within the North Fork Mining District. There are considerable mine tailings in the area and the name, suggesting placer mining by the Chinese. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Kelsay Butte, Oregon</i>, 1995.<br />
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<b>Oriental Creek Campground and Trailhead</b>. Oriental Creek Campground and Trailhead is at the mouth of Oriental Creek. The unimproved Forest Service campground is in the John Day Wilderness of Umatilla National Forest, approximately 24 miles southeast of Dale on Forest Service Road 5506. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Kelsay Butte, Oregon</i>, 1995.<br />
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<b>Prairie City Chinatown</b>. The small and ephemeral Prairie City Chinatown served the Chinese miners who worked in the nearby Greenhorn and Quartzburg Mining Districts. Grant County records indicate that the Chinese owned mining claims there. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; McConnell 1979; Steeves 1984: 201; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Prairie City, Oregon</i>, 1996; Wegars 1995: 11.<br />
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<b>Red Boy Mine</b>. The Red Boy mine in the Greenhorn Mining District near Granite City was jointly mined by Chinese and Euro-Americans in 1882. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; Steeves 1984: 147.<br />
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<b>Rock Creek</b>. Rock Creek joins the North Powder River in the Greenhorn Mining District. The creek has experienced extensive mining activity by Chinese. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Rock Creek Oregon</i>,1984.<br />
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<b>Ruby Creek Chinese Mine</b>. Owned by the Chinese, the mine was a hydraulic mining operation in the Greenhorn Mining District. Two of the Chinese miners were hired to work as cooks at the Dixie Meadows Mine. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; Grant County, Oregon. History and Genealogy 1998; Steeves 1984: 148; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Dixie Meadows, Oregon</i>,1996. <br />
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<b>Salmon Creek Chinese Placer Mine</b>. Salmon Creek Chinese Placer Mine is in the Greenhorn Mining District near the junction of Placer Ditch on Salmon Creek approximately one mile northwest of Robinsonville. The area has been extensively mined. Reference: “Celestials: The Chinese in Baker County” 2004; Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Vinegar Hill, Oregon</i>, 1995.<br />
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<b>Sparta Chinatown</b>. Sparta Chinatown was in existence by 1874. It contained three stores, a doctor, temple, laundry, gambling houses and bordello. Reference: Wegars 1995: 11, 23.<br />
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<b>Sparta Chinese Cemetery</b>. The cemetery was on a little ridge across a meadow east of the old stone store building. All of the deceased were exhumed and returned to China. Reference: Wegars 1995: 23.<br />
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<b>Susanville Chinatown</b>. The short-lived Chinatown of Susanville supported the Chinese miners working along the Middle Fork John Day River in the Susanville and /Greenhorn Mining Districts. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association 1999; McConnell 1979; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Susanville, Oregon</i>, 1999; Wegars 1995: 11.<br />
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<b>Wild Granite Chinese Walls Historic Site</b>. Wild Granite Chinese Walls Historic Site is on the north side of National Forest Service Road 73 approximately 1.6 miles north of the town of Granite. The specific place is representative of the rock stacking done by Chinese placer miners in their effort to retrieve placer gold. On December 20, 1981, the National Park Service certified Chinese Walls as a national historic site. (See Chinese Walls, Grant County). Reference: “Wild Granite Chinese Walls Historic Site, n.d.; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Granite, Oregon</i>, 1995.<br />
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<b>References </b>.<br />
Barlow, Jeffrey and Christine Richardson. 1979. <i>China Doctor of John Day</i>. Portland, Oregon: Binford and Mort.<br />
<br />
“Celestials: The Chinese in Baker County.” http://www.oregongenealogy.com/baker/chinese.htm/ Accessed October 18, 2010.<br />
<br />
Eastern Oregon Mining Association. 1999. <i>Oregon Gold Mining: Grant County Gold Districts</i>. http://www.h2oaccess.com/ Accessed November 1, 2010.<br />
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Edson, Christopher H. 1974. <i>The Chinese in Eastern Oregon</i>. San Francisco: R&E Research Associates.<br />
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Grant County, Oregon. <i>History and Genealogy</i>. 1998. http://www.gesswhoto.com/ Accessed November 2, 2010.<br />
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Hagemeier, Heidi. 2004. “Ghosts of Chinatown.” <i>The Bulletin</i>. May 16: C1, C8.<br />
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“Lung On (1863-1940).” <i>Oregon Encyclopedia</i>. http://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/entry/view/lung_on_1863_1940_/ Accessed March 6, 2011.<br />
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McConnell, Gregory. 1979. “An Historical Geography of the Chinese in Oregon.” Masters thesis. University of Oregon.<br />
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Ooligan Press and Chinese Consoldiated Benevolent Association. 2007. <i>Dreams of the West</i>. Portland, Oregon: Ooligan Press, Portland State University.<br />
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Oregon Parks and Recreation Department. 2009. <i>Kam Wah Chung Draft Plan</i>. http://www.oregon.gov/OPRD/PLANS/docs/masterplans/KWCDraftMasterPlanweb.pdf?ga=t/ Accessed November 29, 2010.<br />
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Parks, Annette White. 1985. “Emmet White; Reminiscences of a Rimrocker, Part IV.” <i>Oregon Historical Qaurterly</i>. Vol. 86, Summer.<br />
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Powell, Linda. 1990. <i>Asian Americans in Oregon</i>. Corvallis, Oregon: Agricultural Fiscal and Personnel Services, Oregon State University.<br />
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“Recreational Opportunities. Blue Mountains Scenic Bypass.” U.S. Forest Service, Umatilla National Forest. http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/uma/recreation/scenic_drives.shtml/ Accessed December 13, 2010.<br />
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Steeves, Laban R. 1984. “Chinese Gold Miners of Northeastern Oregon, 1862-1900.” Masters thesis. University of Oregon.<br />
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Wagner, N.S. 1945. <i>Middle Fork of the John Day Placers</i>. Oregon Division of Geology and Mines Information File Report.<br />
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U.S.G.S. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Big Weasel Spring, Oregon</i>, 1998.<br />
<br />
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Dixie Meadows, Oregon</i>, 1996.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Courthouse Rock, Oregon</i>, 1980.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Granite, Oregon</i>, 1995.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Boulder Butte, Oregon</i>, 1995.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>John Day, Oregon</i>, 1995.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Kelsay Butte, Oregon</i>, 1995.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Little Baldy Mountain, Oregon</i>, 1998.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Monument, Oregon</i>, 1995.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Mount Vernon, Oregon</i>, 1998.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Olive Lake, Oregon</i>, 1980.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Prairie City, Oregon</i>, 1996.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Rock Creek, Oregon</i>, 1984.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Silver Butte, Oregon</i>, 1980.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Suplee Butte, Oregon</i>, 1992.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Susanville, Oregon</i>, 1999.<br />
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_______. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Trout Meadows, Oregon</i>, 1995.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Turner Mountain, Oregon</i>, 1980.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Vinegar Hill, Oregon</i>, 1995.<br />
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Wegars, Priscilla. 1995. <i>The Ah Hee Diggings: Final Report of the Archaeological Investigations at OR-GR-16, the Granite, Oregon “Chinese Walls” Site, 1992-1994</i>. Moscow, Idaho: University of Idaho Anthropology Reports.<br />
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“Wild Granite Chinese Walls Historic Site.” n.d. T8S Range 351/2 east of Willamette Meridian, Oregon. http://www.blm.gov/or/landrecords/or080s352ehwd.pdf/ Accessed December 15, 2010. <br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12740022173774915221noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1408942832060826226.post-44916498567084119792014-08-24T17:08:00.001-07:002014-08-24T17:08:24.683-07:00Harney County<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b>China Cap Mine</b>. China Cap Mine is a group of open pits in an area characterized by many prospects. It is a cinnabar (ore of mercury) mine, more recently known as Horsehead Mountain Mine. The China Cap portion of the place name is likely derived from the conical shape of a nearby peak. The peak’s shape is similar to that of the peasant-style hat worn by Chinese in the 1800s. Reference: U.S.G.S. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Goose Egg Butte, Oregon</i>, 1986. <br />
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<b>China Hill</b>. China Hill is approximately two miles south of the community of Venator near Crane Creek. Reference: U.S.G.S. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Venator, Oregon</i>, 1986.<br />
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<b>China Hill Reservoir</b>. China Hill Reservoir is on the eastern flank of China Hill. Reference: U.S.G.S. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Venator, Oregon</i>, 1986.<br />
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<b>China Lake</b>. China Lake is an intermittent body of water covering about one square mile during the rainy season. It is approximately two miles northwest of Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. Chinese were known to collect various types of evaporate minerals such as borax from dry lakes in California. Reference: McDannold 2000: 185; U.S.G.S. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Squaw Butte, Oregon</i>, 1980.<br />
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<b>Rose Valley Borax Company</b>. Rose Valley Borax Company (1898-1907) was located on Borax Lake, also known as Hot Lake, about 5.5 miles southeast of Sharps Peak and 7.0 miles northeast of the community of Fields. The borax harvesting and processing operation employed an all-Chinese labor force. They were from Nevada, being provided by a Chinese labor contractor in that state. Reference: Shaffer and Baxter 1972: 235-237.<br />
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<b>References </b>. <br />
McDannold, Thomas. 2000. <i>California’s Chinese Heritage: A Legacy of Places</i>. Stockton, California. Heritage West Books. <br />
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<i>Oregon Department of Environmental Quality</i>. 2010. http://www.deq.state.or.us/lq/ECSI/ecsidetailfull.asp?seqnbr=5196/ Accessed November 8, 2010.<br />
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Shaffer, Leslie L.D. and Richard P. Baxter. 1972. “Oregon Borax: Twenty Mule Team-Rose Valley History.” <i>Oregon Historical Quarterly</i>. September: 228-244.<br />
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U.S.G.S. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Goose Egg Butte, Oregon</i>, 1986.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Squaw Butte, Oregon</i>, 1980.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Venator, Oregon</i>, 1986. <br />
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12740022173774915221noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1408942832060826226.post-25856368460956818042014-08-24T17:07:00.002-07:002014-08-24T17:07:27.596-07:00Hood River County</div>
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<br><b>Cascade Canal and Locks</b>. Cascade Canal and Locks are located near the town of Cascade Locks. Approximately 100 Chinese laborers assisted in its construction by1879. The canal and locks were flooded when Bonneville Dam was completed in 1938. However, a visible portion can be seen within Cascade Locks Marine Park which is on the National Registry of Historic Places. Reference: “Cascade Locks and Canal”; Willingham 1987: 240. <br />
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<b>China Fill</b>. China Fill was created by Chinese laborers in 1889. The fill is on the road below present-day Timberline Lodge where the road grade was as much as 22%. Reference: Hood River Historical Society 1982: 55.<br />
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<b>China Hill</b>. Chinese laborers did the finish grading on the toll road on the north side of Mt. Hood, below present day Timberline Lodge in 1889. Reference: Hood River Historical Society 1982: 55.<br />
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<b>China Hill School</b>. China Hill School was built about one quarter mile from the top of China Hill. Constructed in 1904, it was closed in 1907/1908 because people moved out of the area. Reference: Hood River Historical Society 1982: 31.<br />
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<b>Hood River Restaurant and Golden Rose Lounge</b>. The restaurant/lounge at 108 2nd Street in the town of Hood River was established in 1955. Then known as the Hood River Café, it was owned by Jack Sang Chin, Charlie Gum, and Gin You. It is one of the oldest Chinese-owned restaurants in that portion of the state. Reference: Hood River Historical Society 1982: 453.<br />
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<b>References </b><br />
“Cascade Locks and Canal.” <i>Wikipedia</i>. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cascade_locks_and_canal/ Accessed December 8, 2010.<br />
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Hood River Historical Society. 1982. <i>History of Hood River County, Oregon: 1852-1982</i>. Dallas, Texas: Taylor Publishing Company.<br />
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Willingham, William F. 1987. “Engineering the Cascades Canal and Locks.” <i>Oregon Historical Quarterly</i>, No. 88, Fall: 231-244. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12740022173774915221noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1408942832060826226.post-51720818308609775132014-08-24T17:06:00.001-07:002014-11-23T14:15:31.054-08:00Jackson County<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSlRXp-E2WA5EzC8nVcE95FOutemqc0d2rIMbS002wiBgw052ZyRMJyzX5Z71-vgrI3PVhVHDf2fkOGvaWjFseGePzZGoe9ByGJo8FpqmfMeZgRDqHhUfbisKijYcdFCgDkC6fIaWgvhw/s1600/GinLinHydraulicMine.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" closure_lm_283356="null" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSlRXp-E2WA5EzC8nVcE95FOutemqc0d2rIMbS002wiBgw052ZyRMJyzX5Z71-vgrI3PVhVHDf2fkOGvaWjFseGePzZGoe9ByGJo8FpqmfMeZgRDqHhUfbisKijYcdFCgDkC6fIaWgvhw/s1600/GinLinHydraulicMine.jpg" eta="true" height="256" title="Hydraulic mining, Jackson County" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b>Applegate Creek Placer Mine</b>. The Applegate Creek, now known as Applegate River, is tributary to the Rogue River. Applegate River and its valley was the site of widespread Chinese placer starting in the 1860s. Reference: LaLande 1981: 251. <br />
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<b>Applegate Creek Placer Mine</b>. The Applegate Creek, now known as Applegate River, is tributary to the Rogue River. Applegate River and its valley was the site of widespread Chinese placer starting in the 1860s. Reference: LaLande 1981: 251.<br />
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<b>Ashland Chinatown</b>. Ashland Chinatown was located on A Street across from the railroad facilities. The Chinese serviced the trains and performed railroad maintenance. Wah Chung was a prominent figure within the community. The Chinatown also contained stores and a laundry. Ashland Chinatown ceased to exist by 1941. Reference: Atwood 1976: 12, 22; LaLande 1981: 33.<br />
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<b>Browntown Chinese Concentration</b>. Browntown, located in the Gold Hill Mining District of Jackson County, was the center of mining activity. Many Chinese settled in Browntown while reworking nearby abandoned mining claims. Reference: Jackson 2010.<br />
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<b>Buncom Mining Area</b>. Chinese placer miners in the 1870s worked the played-out claims around Buncom located at the mouth of Sterling Creek where it flows into the Little Applegate River. Reference: Fowler and Roberts 1995: 29, 31.<br />
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<b>Cameron Ranch Chinese Camp</b>. Cameron Ranch Chinese Camp was located at the confluence of the Applegate River and Little Applegate River. It was a placer mining operation in the 1870s, prior to ownership of the land by the Cameron family. Reference: Fowler and Roberts 1995: 40.<br />
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<b>China Ditch</b>. Approximately five miles in length, China Ditch flows parallel to Little Applegate River in an area of wide-spread placer and hydraulic mining. China Ditch is on the south side of the river moving water northwesterly from Yale Creek past Buncom. The ditch was dug by Chinese laborers that brought water to one of Gin Lin’s mines. The ditch is also known as Gin Lin Ditch. Reference: Fowler and Roberts 1995: 33; U.S.G.S. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Ruch, Oregon</i>, 1996.<br />
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<b>China Ditch Road</b>. China Ditch Road parallels China Ditch. Reference: MapQuest; U.S.G.S. 30x60’ series, <i>Medford, Oregon</i>.<br />
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<b>China Gap</b>. China Gap lies within a ridge separating Pleasant Creek to the north and Sykes Creek to the south. Its elevation of 1842 feet above sea level provided easy passage across the divide. Reference: U.S.G.S. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Wimer, Oregon</i>, 1996.<br />
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<b>China Gulch1</b>. China Gulch is between Star Gulch and Palmer Creek, about one half mile west of the Applegate River. Placer mining first occurred there in the 1860s with hydraulic mining beginning in the 1870s. Chinese artifacts indicate a Chinese presence. Reference: LaLande 1981: 30, 40; U.S.G.S. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Ruch, Oregon</i>, 1996.<br />
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<b>China Gulch2</b>. The creek in China Gulch flows southwest into Carberry Creek, a tributary of Applegate River. Artifacts suggest that Chinese miners worked the area in the 1870s and 1880s. Reference: LaLande 1981: 204-209; U.S.G.S. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Carberry, Oregon</i>, 1996.<br />
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<b>China Gulch3</b>. China Gulch has a north-south orientation with its mouth facing the Applegate River about 1 ½ miles west of the community of Ruch. Reference: U.S.G.S. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Ruch, Oregon</i>, 1996.<br />
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<b>China Gulch4</b>. China Gulch4 has an northeast-southwest orientation with its mouth facing Kane Creek. The gulch is about two miles southeast of Gold Hill. Reference: U.S.G.S. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Goldhill, Oregon</i>, 1983.<br />
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<b>China Gulch5</b>. The stream flowing through China Gulch5 moves in a northwest direction where it enters Ferris Gulch, about 2.5 miles southwest of the community of Applegate. Reference: U.S.G.S. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Tallowbox Mountain, Oregon</i>, 1996.<br />
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<b>China Gulch6</b>. China Gulch6 is on the north bank of Grave Creek. Chinese placer miners operated throughout the area in the late 1800s. There is an unimproved campground at the gulch. Reference: “Grave Creek to Foster Bar Trail Log.”; U.S.G.S. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Mount Reuben, Oregon</i>, 1998.<br />
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<b>China Gulch Road</b>. China Gulch Road is parallels China Gulch3 west of the community of Ruch. Its name is derived from the nearby gulch. Reference: “China Gulch Road.”; U.S.G.S. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Ruch, Oregon</i>, 1996.<br />
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<b>China Shacks</b>. China Shacks was an alternate name for Jacksonville Chinatown. (See Jacksonville Chinatown, Jackson County). Reference: LaLande 1981: 23.<br />
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<b>Chinese Quarter</b>. Chinese Quarter was an alternate name for Jacksonville Chinatown. (See Jacksonville Chinatown, Jackson County). Reference: LaLande 1985: 30; Whitewilson.<br />
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<b>Evans Creek Chinese Mines</b>. Evans Creek Chinese Mines were a series of placer claims along a 13 mile long portion of Evans Creek. Various groups of Chinese worked the area for almost 30 years, starting in the late 1800s. Reference: Atwood, Katherine and Frank A. Lang 1995: 29; U.S.G.S. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>McConville Creek, Oregon</i>, 1983.<br />
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<b>Flumet Gulch Mine</b>. Flumet Gulch was a location of one of many gold mines owned and worked by Gin Lin and his laborers. The mine is within the Palmer Creek Diggings Mining District. Reference: U.S. Forest Service, Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest.<br />
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<b>Gin Lin’s Camp</b>. Gin Lin’s Camp was located on the south side of China Gulch1 by 1881. There was a residential structure, storage sheds and outbuildings. He purchased his first claim on the Lower Little Applegate River in 1864. Gin Lin moved from China Gulch1 to the Rogue River near Galice Creek in 1885. He returned to China in 1894 where he died in 1897. The camp is within the Palmer Creek Diggings Mining District. Reference: LaLande 1981: 182-187; U.S.G.S. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Ruch, Oregon</i>, 1996.<br />
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<b>Gin Lin Ditch</b>. Gin Lin Ditch ran parallel to Little Applegate Creek for about five miles, bringing water to the Little Applegate Mine. The ditch was dug by Chinese laborers and is within the Palmer Creek Diggings Mining District. The ditch is also known as China Ditch. Reference: LaLande 1985: 30, 42.<br />
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<b>Gin Lin Mining Trail</b>. The Gin Lin Mining Trail begins at Flumet Flat Forest Service campground on the Applegate River. It is a loop pathway approximately three quarters of a mile in length featuring remnants of one of Gin Lin’s hydraulic mines of the 1880s. The trail is within the Palmer Creek Diggings Mining District. Reference: Allen 2003; LaLand 1981: 191; Unlike Most Chinese Immigrants of His Time, Gin Lin Found Respect and a Mountain of Gold.”; U.S.G.S. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, Carberry Creek, Oregon, 1996.<br />
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<b>Ginko Creek</b>. Ginko Creek, approximately 10 miles in length, begins near Red Blanket Mountain and flows into Mill Creek north of the town of Prospect. The name is reportedly derived from a ginko tree though to have been planted by Chinese miners near their camp. The seed and leaf are important components of Chinese medicine. Reference: McArthur and McArthur 2003: 403.<br />
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<b>Grand Applegate Ditch</b>. The six mile long, north flowing Grand Applegate Ditch diverted water from Carberry Creek to the Grand Applegate hydraulic mine. Chinese laborers constructed the canal during the winter of 1878-1879. The claim itself was purchased by a Chinese mining company in 1886. Reference: LaLande 1981: 200-202.<br />
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<b>Jackass Creek Chinese Mines</b>. Jackass Creek was the location of Chinese placer mines in the late 1870s. Reference: Atwood 1976: 14.<br />
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<b>Jacksonville Chinatown</b>. Jacksonville Chinatown was located near the intersection of California Street and Oregon Street in the town of Jacksonville. The location is within today’s Jacksonville National Historic District, itself a National Historic Landmark. Archaeological evidence places Chinatown’s origins at about 1852, prompting the suggestion that it was the first Chinatown in the state. By 1880, it occupied both sides of Main Street. Fires and out-migration of residents prompted all the Chinatown’s buildings to be gone by 1930. Reference: National Historic Landmarks Program; LaLande 1981: 23, 28, 220, 295; Whitewilson.<br />
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<b>Kanaka Gulch Ditch</b>. Kanaka Gulch Ditch was constructed by Chinese laborers in 1878-1879. It was five miles in length. Reference: Mead 2006: 281.<br />
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<b>Palmer Creek Diggings</b>. Palmer Creek Diggings was the site of one of Gin Lin’s hydraulic mining effort. Reference: Allen 2003; U.S.G.S. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Carberry Creek, Oregon</i>, 1996.<br />
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<b>Palmer Creek Ditch</b>. Palmer Creek Ditch was five miles long and moved water from Flumet Creek past China Gulch, flowing through the Gin Lin Trail site. The ditch was dug by Chinese laborers with its water being used for hydraulic mining. Reference: U.S. Forest Service, Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest.<br />
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<b>Pleasant Creek Chinese Camp</b>. Pleaseant Creek Chinese Camp consisted of five dwelling that housed the Chinese placer miners in 1880. Reference: Atwood, Katherine and Frank A. Lang 1995: 39; U.S.G.S. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Wimer, Oregon</i>, 1996.<br />
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<b>Sterling Mine Ditch</b>. Sterling Mine Ditch brought water from the Little Applegate River to the mine on Tunnel Ridge. Chinese laborers constructed the three foot deep, 26 mile-long canal in 1877. It is presently part of the Sterling Mine Ditch Trail System, open to hikers and equestrians. Reference: “Sterling Mine Ditch Trail System”; LaLande 1981: 30; U.S.G.S. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Sterling Creek Creek, Oregon</i>, 1996.<br />
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<b>The Chinese Wall</b>. The Chinese Wall is located at the Palmer Creek Diggings. The wall is 300 feet in length and 12-15 feet in height and 6-9 feet wide at its top. The stacking of cobbles and boulders associated with hydraulic mining was accomplished by Chinese miners who removed the material left by the hydraulic mining and stacked it out of the way to retrieve small amounts of gold. Gin Lin was the owner/operator of the mine. Reference: LaLande 1981: 195-199; U.S.G.S. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Ruch, Oregon</i>, 1996.<br />
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<b>Tree of Heaven</b>. The +100 year-old Tree of Heaven within Lithia Park is in the town of Ashland. The tree is thought to have been planted by Abel Helman’s (1824-1910) Chinese cook. It was a common practice for Chinese in the 1800s to plant a Tree of Heaven wherever they went for its berries, bark, and roots have medicinal properties. The park was placed on the National Registry of Historic Places in 1982. Reference: “Lithia Park.” <br />
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<b>References </b>Allen, Cain. 2003. “Gin Lin Trail.” <i>Oregon History Project</i>. http://ohs.org/ Accessed October 29, 2010.<br />
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Atwood, Kay. 1976. <i>Minorities of Jackson County, Oregon</i>. Gandee printing Center, Inc.<br />
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Atwood, Katherine and Frank A. Lang. 1995. <i>As Long as the World Goes On: Environmental History of the Evans Creek Watershed</i>. U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Medford District. http://www.blm.gov/or/districts/medford/plans/evans/files/atwood.pdf/ Accessed March 7, 2011.<br />
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“China Gulch Road.” <i>MapQuest</i>. http://www.mapquest.com/ Accessed December 15, 2010.<br />
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Fowler, Connie and J.B. Roberts. 1995. <i>Buncom: Crossroads Station. Jacksonville, Oregon</i>. Buncom Historical Society.<br />
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“Grave Creek to Foster Bar Trail Log.” U.S. Department of the Interior. Bureau of Land Management. http://www.blm.gov/or/resources/recreation/rogue/trail-log.php/ Accessed December 14, 2010.<br />
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Jackson, Kerby. “Browntown and Hogtown.” <i>Oregon Gold</i>. http://www.oregongold.net/?s=chinese. Accessed October 10, 2010.<br />
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LaLande, Jeffery Max. 1985. “Sojourners in Search of Gold: Hydraulic Mining Techniques of the Chinese on the Oregon Frontier.” <i>Industrial Archeology</i>. Vol. 11, No. 1: 29-52.<br />
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_______. 1981. “Sojourners in the Oregon Siskiyous, Adaptation and Acculturation of the Chinese Miners in Applegate Valley, circa 1855-1900.” Masters thesis. Oregon State University.<br />
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“Lithia Park.” <i>Ashland Oregon: From Stage Coach to Center Stage</i>. http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/lit.htm/ Accessed November 25, 2010.<br />
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“China Ditch Road.” <i>MapQuest</i>. http://www.mapquest.com/ Accessed December 15, 2010.<br />
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Mead, George. 2006. <i>A History of Union County with An appendix the Chinese in Oregon</i>. LaGrande, Oregon: E-Cat Worlds.<br />
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McArthur, Lewis A. and Lewis L. McArthur. 2003. <i>Oregon Geographic Names</i>. Portland, Oregon: Oregon Historical Society Press.<br />
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<i>National Historic Landmarks Program</i>. http://www.nps.gov/nhl/designations/lists.or01.pdf/ Accessed December 3, 2010.<br />
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“Sterling Mine Ditch Trail System.” Asland Resource Area, Medford District, Recovery Act Program, Bureau of Land management. http://www.blm.gov/or/recreation/files/brochures/sterling_mine_stimulus_sign-final.pdf/ Accessed December 13, 2010.<br />
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“Unlike Most Chinese Immigrants of His Time, Gin Lin Found Respect and a Mountain of Gold.” http://www.articlesbase.com/history-articles/unlike-most-chinese-immigrants-of-his-time-gin-lin-found-respect-and-a-mountain-of-gold-836716.html/ Accessed March 6, 2011.<br />
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U.S. Forest Service. <i>Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest, Recreational Activities-Trails, Gin Lin Trail 917</i>. http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/rogu-siskiyou/recreation/trails/gin-lin-mining.shtml/ Accessed October 29, 2010.<br />
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U.S.G.S. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Carberry, Oregon</i>, 1996.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Goldhill, Oregon</i>, 1983.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>McConville Creek, Oregon</i>, 1983.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Mount Reuben, Oregon</i>, 1998.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Ruch, Oregon</i>, 1996.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Sterling Creek Creek, Oregon</i>, 1996.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Tallowbox Mountain, Oregon</i>, 1996.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Wimer, Oregon</i>, 1996.<br />
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_______. 30x60’ series, <i>Medford, Oregon</i>. <br />
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Whitewilson, Jeanena. “Chinatown.” <i>Jacksonville Review</i>. http://jacksonvillereview.com/chinatown-by-jeanena-whitewilson/ Accessed June 13, 2013. <br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12740022173774915221noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1408942832060826226.post-45573656282730479982014-08-24T17:05:00.003-07:002014-08-24T17:05:21.080-07:00Josephine County<b>China Basin</b>. China Basin is a valley within the Siskiyou Mountains. Nearby streams such as China Creek2, Munger Creek, and West and East Fork Williams River flow into it. The basin is drained by the Williams River. China Basin lies within the Galice Mining District. Reference: “Comment on the Proposal to Designate 13 Areas for OHV Use” 2008; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Williams, Oregon</i>, 1980. <br />
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<b>China Creek1</b>. China Creek flows southeasterly into Taylor Creek. It is within the Lower Applegate Mining District. Reference: Koschmann and Bergendahl 1968; Recreational Activities; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Mount Peavine, Oregon</i>, 1998. <br />
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<b>China Creek2</b>. China Creek flows in a southeasterly direction into China Basin, approximately 2 miles west of the town of Williams. The creek lies within the Galice Mining District. Reference: Koschmann and Bergendahl 1968; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Williams, Oregon</i>, 1980. <br />
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<b>China Creek Road</b>. China Creek Road is near China Creek2 in the town of Williams. Reference: “China Creek Road”; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Williams, Oregon</i>, 1980.<br />
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<b>China Garden</b>. China Garden is on the east side of Sucker Creek adjacent to a lode mine. There are numerous mines in the area. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Oregon Caves</i>, Oregon-California, 1996. <b>China Gulch1</b>. The stream in China Gulch flows through the gulch in a northerly direction and joins Wolf Creek. It is within the Greenback Mining District and evidence of mining activity is extensive. Reference: Koschmann and Bergendahl 1968; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Golden, Oregon</i>, 1996.<br />
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<b>China Gulch</b>. China Gulch stream flows into the Rogue River in an area that is part of the Rogue National Wild and Scenic River Corridor and the Galice Mining District. Reference: Koschmann and Bergendahl 1968; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Bunker Creek</i>, Oregon, 1998. <br />
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<b>China Gulch Rapids</b>. China Gulch Rapids is in the Rogue River where it is joined by China Gulch2. The rapids are in the Galice Mining District. Reference: Koschmann and Bergendahl 1968; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Bunker Creek</i>, Oregon, 1998.<br />
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<b>Chinaman Hat</b>. Chinaman Hat is a peak that stands at 3544 feet above sea level, being surrounded on the west and south side by the South Fork Silver Creek. The shape of the peak is roughly conical, suggesting the appearance of the peasant hat worn by Chinese immigrants in the later part of the 1800s. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>York Butte, Ore</i>gon, 1980.<br />
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<b>Chinaman’s Ditch Trail</b>. Chinaman’s Ditch Trail is southeast of the town of Williams. The ditch is commonly called Chinaman’s Ditch because of presumably being dug by Chinese laborers. It brought water to the Layton Mine itself near the Lower Applegate Mining District. The trail, when completed, will follow the ditch over both public and private land for a distance of 13 miles. The trailhead is at Rock Creek. Reference: <i>Environmental Assessment for the Scattered Apples Forest Management Project 1999</i>; Koschmann and Bergendahl 1968; U.S.G.S. quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Tallowbox Mountain</i>, Oregon, 1996.<br />
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<b>Coyote Creek Chinese Placer Mines</b>. Coyote Creek was the location of several hundred Chinese miners as early as the 1860s. Reference: <i>Grave Creek Watershed Analysis</i>, v. 2. 1999:145; U.S.G.S. quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Golden, Oregon</i>, 1998.<br />
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<b>Gin Lin’s Josephine Camp</b>. Gin Lin, a Chinese gold miner, relocated from Jackson County to the gold mining area along the Rogue River near Galice Creek in 1885. He returned to China in 1894 and died there in 1897. Reference: LaLande 1981: 31, 81; U.S.G.S. quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Galich, Oregon</i>, 1998.<br />
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<b>Kerbyville Chinese Camp</b>. Kerbyville Chinese Camp was established by Chinese miners in 1854. Kerbyville is now known as Kirby. Reference: Mead 2006: 270.<br />
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<b>Sailors Diggings Chinese Lumber Mill</b>. Sailors Diggings Chinese Lumber Mill provided cut lumber for the miners of Sailors Diggings in the mid 1800s. Sailors Diggings refers to the mining district that became known as Waldo Mining District when a post office was established in the community with the name Waldo in 1856. Reference: <i>Althouse Creek Watershed Assessment 2005</i>; Walter n.d. “Waldo (City).”<br />
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<b>Tyee Bar</b>. Tyee Bar is on the Rogue River four miles downstream from the confluence of Grave Creek and the Rogue River. As many as 300 Chinese placer miners worked the area in the 1880s. Reference: “Rogue River Float Guide” 2004; U.S.G.S. quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Bunker Creek, Oregon</i>, 1998.<br />
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<b>Waldo Chinatown</b>. Waldon Chinatown was a series of small structures closely spaced behind the store on the main street of the town of Waldo. In existence by 1858, the Chinatown was more of a residential area than commercial center. Exuberant celebrations with fire crackers is thought to have been the reason that it was destroyed by fire. The Chinatown and Waldo itself no longer existed by the 1930s. Reference: Brandt; Francis.<br />
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<b>Waldo Chinese Cemetery</b>. Waldo Chinese Cemetery is near Cave Junction about five miles southwest of Waldo Road and BLM Road 40-8-28. The remains of those buried there were removed and sent to China by a Chinese association in California in the 1920s-1930s. The cemetery is on the National Registry of Historic Places. Reference: Brandt.<br />
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<b>References </b><br />
<i>Althouse Creek Watershed Assessment. 2005</i>. U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Medford District. http://www.blm.gov/or/districts/medford/plans/files/althouse_wa_acc.pdf/ Accessed March 8, 2011. <br />
<br />
Brandt, Roger. “The Chinese in Oregon’s Gold Rush.” <i>Highway 199</i>. http://highway199.org/siskiyou-mountains-cave-junction-oregon/history/history-stories/chinese-miners-oregon-gold-rush-htm/ Accessed December 7, 2010.<br />
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“China Creek Road.” <i>MapQuest</i>. http://www.mapquest.com/ Accessed December 14, 2010.<br />
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“Comment on the Proposal to Designate 13 Areas for OHV Use.” 2008. Department of the Interior. Bureau of Land Management. http://www.blm.gov/or/plans/wopr/pub_comments/Paper_documents/paper_1587-1773/WOPR_PAPER_01680.10001.pdf/ Accessed December 15, 2010.<br />
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<i>Environmental Assessment for the Scattered Apples Forest Management Project. 1999</i>. U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Medford District, Grants Pass Resources. http://www.blm.gov/or/districts/medford/plans/files/scatappea.pdf/ Accessed December 15, 2010.<br />
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Francis, Dorothy. “Waldo, Oregon History.” <i>Web Trail</i>. http://www.webtrail.com/history/waldo.shtml/ Accessed December 6, 2010.<br />
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<i>Grave Creek Watershed Analysis</i>, v. 2. 1999. U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Medford District. http://www..blm.gov/or/districts/medford/plans/files/grave_ck_wa_acc.pdf/ Accessed March 10, 2011.<br />
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Koschmann, A. H. and M. H. Bergendahl. 1968. “Josephine County Oregon Gold Production.” http://www.westernmininghsitory.com/ Accessed November 12, 2010.<br />
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LaLande, Jeffery Max. 1981. “Sojourners in the Oregon Siskiyous, Adaptation and Acculturation of the Chinese Miners in Applegate Valley, circa 1855-1900.” Masters thesis. Oregon State University.<br />
<br />
Mead, George R. 2006. <i>A History of Union County with An appendix the Chinese in Oregon</i>. LaGrande, Oregon: E-Cat Worlds.<br />
<br />
<i>Oregon Metal Mines Handbook</i>. 1952. Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, Bulletin No. 14-C, Vol. 2, Section 1-Josephine County, 2nd ed.<br />
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<i>Recreational Activities-Trails</i>. "China Creek Trail 1130." http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/rogue-siskiyou/recreation/trails/china-creek.shtml/ Accessed December 15, 2010.<br />
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“Rogue River Float Guide.” 2004. U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management. http://www.blm.gov/or/resources/recreation/rogue/files/FloatGuide04.pdf/ Accessed March 10, 2011.<br />
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U.S.G.S. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Bunker Creek, Oregon</i>, 1998.<br />
<br />
_______. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Galich, Oregon</i>, 1998.<br />
<br />
_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Golden, Oregon</i>, 1996. <br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Kelsey Peak, Oregon</i>, 1998.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Mount Peavine, Oregon</i>, 1998. <br />
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_______. Quadrangle 7.5’ series, <i>Tallowbox Mountain</i>, Oregon, 1996.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Williams, Oregon</i>, 1980.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>York Butte, Oregon</i>, 1980.<br />
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Walter, Greg. “Waldo (City)." n.d. <i>The Oregon Encyclopedia</i>. http://www.Oregon-encyclopedia.org/entry/view/waldo/ Assessed March 8, 2011. <br />
<br Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12740022173774915221noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1408942832060826226.post-48626088868480403062014-08-24T17:04:00.001-07:002014-08-24T17:04:15.343-07:00Klamath County<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia7BYw0UpfYABHPMlxId4rRQZWGhvaJNybtR9UJLPMgD-9svqUNMxCkWNzzP3x03ju04ZLE_GpGzTKJ1LWDqfZBgwdmuip9qsQMleyeFdjiNWvM3tNd-_CoDVCzpEoJTRfMbExS1-NNvI/s1600/ChinWongRoad.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" closure_lm_450497="null" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia7BYw0UpfYABHPMlxId4rRQZWGhvaJNybtR9UJLPMgD-9svqUNMxCkWNzzP3x03ju04ZLE_GpGzTKJ1LWDqfZBgwdmuip9qsQMleyeFdjiNWvM3tNd-_CoDVCzpEoJTRfMbExS1-NNvI/s1600/ChinWongRoad.jpg" height="320" width="168" wua="true" /></a></div>
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<br><b>Chin Road</b>. Chin Road is approximately 14 miles southeast of the town of Klamath Falls. It is the next street south of Wong Road in an agriculltural area. Chin Farms is nearby. References: “Chin Road;” <i>Wong Potatoes</i>. </div>
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<b>Wong Road</b>. Wong Road is approximately 14 miles southeast of the town of Klamath Falls. It is an agricultural area and is the next street north of Chin Road. Wong Potatoes, in business since 1930, is nearby. References: “Wong Road;” <i>Wong Potatoes</i>.</div>
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<b>Wu Road</b>. Wu Road runs through farm land near the community of Bonanza. References: “Wu Road.”<br />
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<b>References </b><br />
“Chin Road.” <i>Mapquest</i>. Accessed July 7, 2014.<br />
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<i>Wong Potatoes</i>: http://wongpotatoes.com/aboutus.html Accessed July 14, 2014.<br />
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“Wong Road.” <i>Mapquest</i>. Accessed July 8, 2014.</div>
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“Wu Road.“ <i>Mapquest</i>. Accessed July 8, 2014.</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12740022173774915221noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1408942832060826226.post-67789188331789189622014-08-24T17:03:00.001-07:002014-08-24T17:03:03.100-07:00Lake County<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCBI7bLJzD95kEL-sBuyQ-tdcnk2FfOb6Rr3acBpbeIi7gFGv4DXZo-HYp9Hrn4qCpu0ORPyg4RHeuoL6I0mBlcnfRFzPFGWC1JOjzZ_XheaSVjFn34NqY-46_gvxZwHLfFIxtELixMoI/s1600/ChinatownPump.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" closure_lm_813533="null" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCBI7bLJzD95kEL-sBuyQ-tdcnk2FfOb6Rr3acBpbeIi7gFGv4DXZo-HYp9Hrn4qCpu0ORPyg4RHeuoL6I0mBlcnfRFzPFGWC1JOjzZ_XheaSVjFn34NqY-46_gvxZwHLfFIxtELixMoI/s1600/ChinatownPump.gif" height="182" title="Satellite view showing Chinatown Pump (purple icon). Source: Mapquest.com." width="320" wua="true" /></a></div>
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<b>Chinatown Pump</b>. Chinatown Pump is next to Stock Ditch that joins Chervaucan River about 2.5 miles southeast of the community of Paisley. Satellite view shows a structure, possibly housing a water pump used to irrigate nearby fields. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Coglan Buttes, Oregon</i>, 1986.</div>
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<b>References </b></div>
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U.S.G.S. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Coglan Buttes, Oregon</i>, 1986.</div>
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12740022173774915221noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1408942832060826226.post-58026476670518187692014-08-24T17:01:00.001-07:002014-08-24T17:01:57.512-07:00Lane County<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijFXK1ITIcYL_QxO3Uh3oaO8QOkCaMu_GUWhafgEVlGks7k1tdYUtpzn9yDKk18Z8nirwakizv-2xyYiCI7DdKWaW2hORnS6_JpashM5VwEMY5TpeO0KpRi8FJ5URpa1q8lbhE8GX-Ojc/s1600/ChinaCreekMemorialPark.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" closure_lm_813533="null" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijFXK1ITIcYL_QxO3Uh3oaO8QOkCaMu_GUWhafgEVlGks7k1tdYUtpzn9yDKk18Z8nirwakizv-2xyYiCI7DdKWaW2hORnS6_JpashM5VwEMY5TpeO0KpRi8FJ5URpa1q8lbhE8GX-Ojc/s1600/ChinaCreekMemorialPark.jpg" title="China Creek1 entering the Pacific Ocean at the Muriel O. Ponsler Memorial State Wayside. Source: Bing.com." wua="true" /></a></div>
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<b>China Creek1</b>. China Creek1 flows to the north, emptying into the Pacific Ocean at the Muriel O. Ponsler Memorial State Wayside approximately two miles north of the town of Florence. Reference: U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Heceta Head, Oregon</i>, 1984. <br />
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<b>China Creek2</b>. China Creek2 flows in a northwesterly direction before joining Martin Creek. It is located within the Bohemia Mining District, suggesting an early Chinese mining presence. Gold mining still occurs in the area. Reference: Gray 1978: 10; “Sharps Creek Watershed Analysis” n.d.; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Fairview Peak, Oregon</i>, 1980.<br />
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<b>China Creek Trail</b>. China Creek Trail parallels China Creek2 while passing a number of mines. The trail is within the Bohemia Mining District. Reference: Gray 1978: 10; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Fairview Peak, Oregon</i>, 1980.<br />
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<b>China Flats</b>. China Flats was near Rose Hill on the bank of the Siuslaw River. A settlement was established there when seasonal Chinese cannery workers came into the Florence area to work. Reference: Powell 1990: 13.<br />
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<b>References </b><br />
Gray, J. J. 1978. “Overview of the Bohemia Mining District.” <i>The Ore Bucket</i>. May.<br />
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Powell, Linda. 1990. <i>Asian Americans in Oregon</i>. Corvallis, Oregon: Agricultural Fiscal and Personnel Services, Oregon State University.<br />
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“Sharps Creek Watershed Analysis.” n.d. Department of the Interior. Bureau of Land Management. http://blm.gov/or/districts/eugene/plans/files/sharpscreek.pdf/ Accessed December 15, 2010.<br />
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U.S.G.S. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Fairview Peak, Oregon</i>, 1980.<br />
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_______. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Heceta Head, Oregon</i>, 1984.<br />
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12740022173774915221noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1408942832060826226.post-17712679186976660592014-08-24T17:00:00.001-07:002014-08-24T17:00:59.101-07:00Lincoln County<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqqNPZddXHRqj1oRqgiM-0YAJpRew64xe_l_rrD1qLAWD1IIMJV-8HLfdOOv5L_BvSYyxptwJ_t8INe3QuAfbM62fCDpxnEMfpTiS6-qpF1l2O2o3BaGyYXWO2KRFZh-_NjrxilVVshO0/s1600/PlacerLakeReynoldsCreek.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" closure_lm_15712="null" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqqNPZddXHRqj1oRqgiM-0YAJpRew64xe_l_rrD1qLAWD1IIMJV-8HLfdOOv5L_BvSYyxptwJ_t8INe3QuAfbM62fCDpxnEMfpTiS6-qpF1l2O2o3BaGyYXWO2KRFZh-_NjrxilVVshO0/s1600/PlacerLakeReynoldsCreek.jpg" title="Placer Lake (background) and Reynolds Creek near the ocean (foreground). Source: panoramio.com." wua="true" /></a></div>
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<b>China Gulch</b>.<br> China Gulch is a small valley with its mouth facing Spilde River about ½ miles west of Nashville. The Southern Pacific Railroad, originally the Oregon Pacific Railroad, passes the mouth. Reference: U.S.G.S. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Summit, Oregon</i>, 1984. </div>
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<b>China House</b>. China House was part of the operation of the Kernville Cannery. The cannery, established in 1896, was located near Coyote Rock on the north side of the Siletz River, six miles from its mouth. China House consisted of a mess hall and sleeping facilities for the 25 Chinese cannery workers. The workers came on a seasonal basis from Astoria. Reference: Gardino and Riedel. 2010.</div>
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<b>Newport Bay Chinatown</b>. Newport Bay Chinatown was in existence by the 1880s. Its residents worked in resort hotels, operated laundries with others being employed in nearby canneries. Reference: Gardino and Riedel. 2010.</div>
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<b>Oregon Pacific Railroad Line</b>. Chinese laborers worked on the construction of the railroad line that extends from Toledo at Yaquina Bay, Lincoln County, through Corvallis in Benton County, to Detroit in Marion County. As many as 500 Chinese dug the tunnel (now day-lighted) near the community of Summit. The line was completed in 1885 with roadbed preparation continuing about 1/2 mile north of Santiam Junction in Linn County. Through time, the Oregon Pacific Railroad Company became the Corvallis and Eastern Railroad, then Southern Pacific Railroad and currently the Union Pacific Railroad. (See Chinese Stone Work, Linn County). Reference: Mumford 1982; Mumford and Lowry 1980.</div>
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<b>Placer Lake Chinese Diggings</b>. Placer Lake is on Reynolds Creek about four miles south of the community of Waldport. The creek flows into and out of Placer Lake. A Euro-American had filed mining claims in the area during the 1870s but there was little gold mining activity until the Chinese began to work the deposits in both the lake and creek. Reference: Guardino 2008: 34.</div>
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<b>Reynolds Creek Chinese Mining</b>. Reynolds Creek flows into and out of Placer Lake. Both were mined by Chinese. See Placer Lake, Lincoln County.</div>
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<b>References </b></div>
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Guardino, M. Constance III. 2008. <i>Lincoln County Placenames</i>. http://www.2.wi/net/ Accessed October 12, 2010.</div>
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_______ and Marilyn A. Riedel. 2010. <i>Sovereigns of Themselves</i>. Vol.1. http://ftp.www.2.wi.net/~census/lesson34.html/ Accessed November 28, 2010.</div>
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Mumford, Kenneth. 1982. “Pioneer Trails From Corvallis to the Coast.” Benton County Historical Society and Museum. http://www.bentoncountymuseum.org/research/mumford2.cfm/ Accessed November 23, 2010.</div>
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Mumford, Kenneth and Robert Lowry. 1980. “Rails and Roads in Upper Santiam.” Benton County Historical Society and Museum. http://www.bentoncountymuseum.org/research/rails&roads.cfm/ Accessed November 23, 2010.</div>
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U.S.G.S. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Summit, Oregon</i>, 1984. </div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12740022173774915221noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1408942832060826226.post-56436636718882796552014-08-24T16:58:00.002-07:002014-08-24T16:58:47.977-07:00Linn County<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs5R4x-u1eEfP8Zq78ur_A_6Hzf_hhyphenhyphenKfbJyKaaBt3LCTX1djzDCPL481TeFyo2xWV1HZOsc8FACOvza994qKeXj_3sTbPHFGxub5K_7_1fJwcswByLgGDI1n9iBHpZNxp8PkcWMqShDM/s1600/HoggRockRailroadGrade.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" closure_lm_270789="null" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs5R4x-u1eEfP8Zq78ur_A_6Hzf_hhyphenhyphenKfbJyKaaBt3LCTX1djzDCPL481TeFyo2xWV1HZOsc8FACOvza994qKeXj_3sTbPHFGxub5K_7_1fJwcswByLgGDI1n9iBHpZNxp8PkcWMqShDM/s1600/HoggRockRailroadGrade.jpg" height="212" title="Stone work done by Chinese at Hoog Rock. Source: Wikipedia.org." vua="true" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br><b>Chinese Stone Work</b>. The stone work accomplished by Chinese railroad laborers in the Santiam Pass was part of the railroad roadbed preparation for the western extension of the Oregon and Eastern Railroad. Chinese workers cut into the west side of Hogg Rock and filled low areas by carefully stacking rock to provide the base for the roadbed. Reference: Dawson 1970: 351.</div>
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<b>References </b></div>
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Dawson, Maynard C. 1970. “Letter to the Editor: “Niagara” and “China Dam”.” <i>Oregon Historical Quarterly</i>, December: 349-357. </div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12740022173774915221noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1408942832060826226.post-81386746610379267162014-08-24T16:57:00.003-07:002014-08-24T16:57:26.998-07:00Malheur County<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-hCVmeLElOUKnynXIZNmgXkawPezV3rxBAgl7c-uIQk7YxMr6prqQZKNQ1XTdrUU1Lc6dFf0fXvuS-abdjWBXOL1mFTNYLQqxoRm3ChP7NdukN4lieeYg-uREnsKR8s1ywPnhyphenhyphen2Qb5-U/s1600/JordanCreekMalheurCo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" closure_lm_909488="null" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-hCVmeLElOUKnynXIZNmgXkawPezV3rxBAgl7c-uIQk7YxMr6prqQZKNQ1XTdrUU1Lc6dFf0fXvuS-abdjWBXOL1mFTNYLQqxoRm3ChP7NdukN4lieeYg-uREnsKR8s1ywPnhyphenhyphen2Qb5-U/s1600/JordanCreekMalheurCo.jpg" title="Jordan Creek, site of a Chinese massacre. Source: landformsoforegon.com" vua="true" /></a></div>
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<b>China Creek</b>. China Creek flows southeast into Malheur River about 1.5 miles southwest of the community of Harper. It is within the Malheur Basin Mining District. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association. 1999. U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>South Mountain, Oregon</i>, 1990. <br />
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<b>China Gulch</b>. The intermittent stream in China Gulch flows northeast into the Owyhee River approximately 1.5 miles southeast of the community of Rome. The gulch is within the Malheur Mining District. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association. 1999. U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Scott Reservoir, Oregon</i>, 1972.<br />
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<b>China Rock</b>. China Rock is a cliff on the north side of Petes Mountain at 4291 feet above sea level. China Rock is 1 ½ miles south of the community of Beulah. The cliff is within the Malheur Mining District. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association. 1999; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Petes Mountain, Oregon</i>,1980.<br />
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<b>China Rock Fence</b>. China Rock Fence is approximately ¼ mile west of China Rock. It is within the Malheur Mining District. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association. 1999; “Notice of Field Manager’s Proposed Decision” 2007: 34; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Petes Mountain, Oregon</i>, 1980.<br />
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<b>Eldorado Town</b>. County records and map information indicate that Chinese gold miners worked throughout the area surrounding Eldorado Town. Reference: Steeves 1984: 200; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Bridgeport, Oregon</i>, 1990.<br />
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<b>Humboldt Chinatown</b>. Humboldt Chinatown was in the community of Humboldt, itself shown as Humboldt Basin on current maps, located in Mormon Basin. The Chinatown was as ephemeral as the gold deposits in the area. Reference: McConnell 1979; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Mormon Basin, Oregon</i>, 1990.<br />
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<b>Iron Gulch</b>. Iron Gulch is an intermittent stream that joins Willow Creek about two miles south of Malheur City. County records and map information indicates Chinese miners worked the area. Reference: Steeves 1984: U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Bridgeport, Oregon</i>, 1990.<br />
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<b>Jordan Creek Chinese Massacre</b>. Jordan Creek in Jordan Valley was the location of the murder of approximately 50 Chinese who were travelling to the Owyhee mines in 1864. Paiute Indians were thought to have been the culprits. Reference: Hanley and Lucia.1980: 15, 53, 212; “History of the Avalanche.” n.d.<br />
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<b>Malheur City Chinatown</b>. Malheur City Chinatown started as a result of the gold mining in the area. The Chinatown and Malheur City itself were in the heart of the Malheur/Mormon Basin Mining Districts. Historical records indicate Chinese ownership of mining rights and property within the town. The population of Malheur City Chinatown increased when the Eldorado Ditch Company moved to Malheur City. It employed Chinese laborers, possibly as many as 1000, to dig the ditch. (See Eldorado Ditch, Baker County). Reference: Steeves 1984: 118: U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Bridgeport, Oregon</i>, 1990; Wegars 1995: 57.<br />
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<b>Mormon Basin Chinatown </b>Mormon Basin Chinatown was located along the present-day road that runs between Clarks Creek and Amelia, near the Rye Valley Road intersection. It consisted of five dwellings that housed Chinese miners who worked the area’s placer deposits beginning in the mid 1860s. Reference: SWCA Environmental Consultants 2011 (revised).<br />
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<b>Mormon Basin Creek</b>. Mormon Basin Creek is a seasonal creek that flows southward into Will Creek near Huntington Junction. It is within the Mormon Basin Mining District. Mormon Basin Creek appears as Basin Creek on current U.S.G.S. Series 7.5’ maps. Baker County records and map information indicate Chinese mining activity along the creek. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association. 1999. Steeves 1984: 200; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Mormon Basin, Oregon</i>, 1990.<br />
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<b>Poison Root Gulch</b>. Poison Root Gulch is an intermittent stream northeast of Eldorado Town. It is within the Mormon Basin Mining District and has been the site of extensive gold mining. Baker County records and map information indicate the Chinese worked the area. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association. 1999. Steeves 1984: 200; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Bridgeport, Oregon</i>, 1990.<br />
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<b>Quartz Gulch</b>. Quartz Gulch is between Iron Gulch and Cottonwood Gulch, southwest of Malheur City, within the Mormon Basin Mining District. Baker County records indicate that Chinese operated placer mines in the area. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association. 1999. Steeves 1984: 200; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Bridgeport, Oregon</i>, 1990.<br />
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<b>Rich Creek</b>. Rich Creek is an intermittent stream northwest of Eldorado and within the Mormon Basin Mining District. Mining activity is evident through the area. Baker County records and map information indicate that the Chinese worked the area. Reference: Eastern Oregon Mining Association. 1999. Steeves 1984: 200; U.S.G.S. quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Bridgeport, Oregon</i>, 1990.<br />
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<b>References </b>Eastern Oregon Mining Association. 1999. <i>Oregon Gold Mining: Grant County Gold Districts</i>. http://www.h2oaccess.com/ Accessed November 21, 2010.<br />
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Hanley, Mike and Ellis Lucia. 1980. <i>Owyhee Trails</i>. Caldwell, Idaho: Caxton printers, Ltd.<br />
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“History of the Avalanche.” n.d. http://www.owyheepublishing.com/history.php/ Accessed 1/23/11.<br />
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“Notice of Field Manager’s Proposed Decision. 2007." U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management. http://blm.gov/or/districts/vale/plans/files/NFMGMAlDecisions.pdf/ Accessed December 18, 2010.<br />
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Steeves, Laban R. 1984. “Chinese Gold Miners of Northeastern Oregon, 1862-1900.” Masters thesis. University of Oregon.</div>
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SWCA Environmental Consultants. 2011 (revised). <i>Environmental Assessment for the Proposed Mineral Valley Mormon Basin Placer Gold Mining Operation</i>. Portland, Oregon: SWCA Environmental Consultants. http://www.blm.gov/or/districts/vale/plans/files/Final DOI-BLM-OR-V050_2009-EA.pdf/ Accessed March 8, 2011.</div>
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U.S.G.S. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Bridgeport, Oregon</i>, 1990.</div>
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________. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Mormon Basin, Oregon</i>, 1990.</div>
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________. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Petes Mountain, Oregon</i>, 1980.</div>
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________. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>Scott Reservoir, Oregon</i>, 1972.</div>
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________. Quadrangle, 7.5’ series, <i>South Mountain, Oregon</i>, 1990.</div>
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Wegars, Priscilla. 1995. <i>The Ah Hee Diggings: Final Report of the Archaeological Investigations at OR-GR-16, the Granite, Oregon “Chinese Walls” Site, 1992-1994</i>. Moscow, Idaho: University of Idaho Anthropology Reports. </div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12740022173774915221noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1408942832060826226.post-20310457678854503962014-08-24T16:56:00.001-07:002014-11-22T13:34:59.431-08:00Marion County<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
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<b>China Dam</b>. China Dam, often called Niagara Dam, was on the North Santiam River between Mill City and the community of Detroit. The dam itself, never fully realized, was built entirely by non-Chinese labor. The erroneous name of China Dam was applied because of the detailed stone work which resembled the craftsmanship of Chinese stone masons. Reference: Dawson 1970: 349, 351-357. </div>
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<b>Hop Lee’s Burial Site</b>. Hop Lee, owner of Hop Lee laundry in Salem, died in 1925. He was interred on his property in Keizer near the fence of a local cemetery. A subsequent survey of the land revealed that he was actually buried within the cemetery. His resting place is Row F, Lot 17, Claggett Cemetery. Reference: “History” 2003.<br />
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<b>Salem Chinatown</b>. Salem Chinatown consisted of residences and businesses scattered throughout a six block area. Court St NE was the northern boundary with Trade Street SE being the southern extent. The eastern border was High Street NE and Commercial Street SE in the west. During the hey-day of Salem Chinatown, 1870s to the 1920s, its center shifted within the area. Reference: Mersinger 2006.<br />
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<b>Salem Chinatown Businesses</b>. Between the 1890s to the 1920s, businesses within Salem Chinatown included:<br />
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Reference: “Salem’s Historic Chinese Businesses.” 2006.<br />
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<b>Salem Chinese Mission School</b>. Salem Chinese Mission School was part of the First Baptist Church of Salem located at the corner of Marion and Liberty Streets. The school began operation in 1877 and its enrollment did not exceed 40 students at any one time. Jeung Gwoon Jeu was the city missionary. The school was discontinued in 1881. Reference: Miller 2009; Mersinger. 2006. <br />
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<b>Santiam Canal</b>. Santiam Canal begins southeast of Lebanon at the Santiam River. Flowing in a northwestward direction, it provides water to the city of Lebanon and Albany as well as nearby agriculture, eventually joining the Willamette River. The canal was built using Chinese labor in the early 1870s. Reference: McConnell 1979: 54.<br />
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<b>References</b><br />
“History.” 2003. Claggett Cemetery. http://claggettcemetery.net/history.html/ Accessed December 9, 2010.<br />
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“Salem’s Historic Chinese Businesses.” 2006. Salem Online History. http://www.salemhistory.net/ Accessed November 10, 2010.<br />
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Dawson, Maynard C. 1970. “Letter to the Editor: “Niagara” and “China Dam”.” Oregon Historical Quarterly, December: 349-357.<br />
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McConnell, Gregory. 1979. “An Historical Geography of the Chinese in Oregon.” University of Oregon masters thesis.<br />
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Mersinger, Monica. 2006. “Salem’s Chinese Americans.” Salem Online History. http://www.salemhistory.net/ Accessed November 9, 2010.<br />
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Miller, Marilee. 2009. “The Corvallis Gazette, Corvallis, Oregon.” Coos County and Oregon History. http:coquillvalley.org/history/years-ago/corvallisgazette/ Accessed November 27, 2010.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12740022173774915221noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1408942832060826226.post-28016493695506792332014-08-24T16:54:00.003-07:002014-08-24T16:54:34.121-07:00Multnomah County<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b>82nd Avenue Chinese Neighborhood</b>. Portland. 82nd Avenue Chinese Neighborhood extends along NE 82nd Avenue with its center near NE Brazee Street. Businesses along the thoroughfare include restaurants, grocery stores, bakeries, tea shops, coffee shops, and numerous malls. The relocation of the Hung Far Low restaurant from Second Chinatown to 82nd Avenue indicated that Third Chinatown had “arrived.” Reference: Anonymous3 n.d. “Old Town Chinatown, Portland, Oregon.” <br />
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<b>Bing Kung Bow Leong Society Building</b>. Portland. The two story building, located at 24 N.W. Fourth Avenue, was constructed in 1910. The Bing Kung Bow Leong Society, itself dating to 1914, purchased the building in 1956. It serves as the society’s headquarters and is listed in the national Registry of Historic Places. Reference: National Registry of Historic Places. 1989: Section 7, 38-39.<br />
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<b>Bishop Scott Academy</b>. Portland. The American-born Chinese brigade of the Oregon National Guard held training exercises at the academy. The 35-man brigade was established in 1898 during the Spanish American War and was the only Chinese American one of its kind in the United States. Reference: Columbia River Basin Ethnic History Project n.d.; McConnell 1979: 149.<br />
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<b>Bong Wai Chen Building</b>. Portland. Located in Old Chinatown, it was the home of the Chinese bilingual newspaper that has appeared quarterly starting in 1961. It is sponsored by the Consolidated Chinese Benevolent Association. Reference: McConnell 1979: 163.<br />
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<b>Burnside Street Maple Trees</b>. Portland. The street trees along W. Burnside Street are part of the plantings on N.W. Fourth Avenue. As with the flowering cherry trees of Fourth Street, they are intended to create a colorful atmosphere throughout the Portland Old Town/Chinatown Historic District. Reference: National Registry of Historic Places. 1989: Section 7, 4.<br />
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<b>C. Gee Wo Chinese Medicine Company</b>. Portland. The C. Gee Wo Chinese Medicine Company of Portland was on the second floor of the building at 262 ½ Alder Street in 1924. Reference: Columbia River Basin Ethnic History Project n.d.<br />
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<b>Chinatown Gate</b>. Portland. The Chinatown gate spans N.W. Fourth Avenue, north of W. Burnside Street. It marks the entrance to the renovated New (Second) Chinatown and as a memorial to Oregon’s pioneer Chinese. The gate was designed in Taiwan, measuring almost 40 feet in height. It is flanked by two large bronze lions, the male on the east and the female on the west. The Chinese words inscribed on the south face of the gate translate as "Portland Chinatown" and the words on the north side translate as "Four Seas, One Family." Its official opening was November 8, 1986. Reference: Oregonian,The, February 13, 1986: D6; <i>Portside</i>, Vol. 12 #1, Winter, 1987:4.<br />
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<b>China House</b>. Warrendale. China House was a bunkhouse for the Chinese workers employed by the Warrendale Cannery in the community of Warrendale. The cannery itself was located midway between the Sandy River and the Hood River on the south side of the Columbia River. Established in 1876, it employed as many as 80 Chinese workers at a time for six months of the year. The workers were provided by the Wang On Company and Wing Sing Long Kee Company, both of Portland. The Chinese came to dominate all aspects of the cannery industry and continued to be important even after the exclusion Act of 1882. Going out of business around 1930, China House and the Warrendale Cannery represents one of the best documented sites of Chinese cannery employment. Reference: Fagan 1993: 215-219.<br />
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<b>Chinese American Citizens Alliance Headquarters</b>. Portland. The Chinese American Citizens Alliance (CACA), Portland Lodge headquarters was originally at 211 N.W. Third Avenue in New Chinatown when it was established in 1921. The building is presently the home of the Hip Sing Association. The CACA is a national non-partisan activist organization for Chinese American empowerment and is actively involved in community service. (See Hip Sing Association Building, Multnomah County). Reference: Chinese American Citizens Alliance-Portland Lodge; Email communication April 3, 2011.<br />
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<b>Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association Building</b>. Portland. The Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association (CCBA) building is at 315 N.W. Davis Street. Built in 1910-1911, it was designed by David L. Williams and reflects the architectural style established by the CCBA in San Francisco, California. A renovation project was concluded in 1981. Currently, the building acts as a social gathering place, Chinese school, and museum. The association itself, established in 1890 and known as Jung Wah, was initially located on the second floor of a building at S.W. Second Avenue and Pine Street. It moved to its present building in 1911. The CCBA has functioned as the governing body for Chinese and presently is active in community affairs. (See Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association Museum, Portland). Reference: Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association 2010; McConnell 1979: 144; National Registry of Historic Places. 1989: Section 7, p. 21-23; Ooligan Press and Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association 2007: 56, 106.<br />
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<b>Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association Museum</b>. Portland. A museum of Chinese artifacts related to the Pacific Northwest is housed on the fourth floor of the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association building located at 315 N.W. Davis Street. It opened in 1984. (See Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association Building. Open to the public on Saturday). Reference: Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association 2010; Chinatown Development Commission: 15.<br />
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<b>Chinese-English Street Signs</b>. Portland. Bilingual street signs were installed throughout Portland New Chinatown in May, 1981. Their purpose was to maintain the historic and ethnic character of the area with the money for the signs being raised by the Chinese community. The signs combine a literal and phonetic translation of the street’s English language name. Reference: National Registry of Historic Places. 1989: Section 7, 3.<br />
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<b>Chinese Vegetable Gardens</b>. Portland. Chinese Gardens was located in an east-west direction between Fourteenth and Twenty First Avenues and north to south between Burnside and Market Streets in the area of and along Tanner Creek. The site of extensive vegetable gardening dates to 1879 when the Chinese gardeners sold their produce throughout the Portland area. By 1889, the gardens had expanded beyond Burnside and Fourteenth Streets almost to Jefferson Street. In 1893, a portion of the area was developed into a sports stadium, eventually becoming today’s Providence Park. Limited Chinese vegetable gardening continuing until 1910 when all gardening activity stopped due to urban growth in the area. Reference: Burk, Rich 2006; McConnell 1979: 70-71; Ooligan Press and Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association 2007: 70; Wong 2004: 212.<br />
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<b>Chinese Vegetable Gardens Satellite</b>. Portland. A second area of Chinese vegetable gardening developed between Twentieth Avenue and Chapman Street along Jefferson Street by 1901. It was short lived, being gone by 1908. Rference: Wong 2004: 216-17.<br />
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<b>Chinese Language School</b>. Portland. The Chinese Language School is located at 315 N.W. Davis Street within the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association building. The school was established in 1910 by Moy Back Hin who was appointed Consul for the States of Oregon, Idaho, and Washington by the Chinese government in 1908. The school offers studies in Chinese language and culture. (See Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association Building, Portland). Reference: Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association 2010; McConnell 1979: 147-148 National Registry of Historic Places. 1989: Section 7, 10.<br />
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<b>Chinese Memorial Park, Lone Fir Cemetery</b>, Portland. The Chinese section of Lone Fir Cemetery is in the southwest corner of the cemetery’s 30.5 acres at Morrison Street and S.E. 20th Avenue. It is known as Block 14. The first burials in the cemetery date to 1846 with various Chinese associations purchasing plots in Block 14 as early as the 1870s. Partial records indicate at least 1131 Chinese were interred there. Exhumations occurred in 1928 and 1949, as dictated by Chinese custom, with the bones returned to China. Subsequent construction on the site revealed additional remains; prompting the area to eventually be designated a memorial park commemorating the Chinese pioneers. Reference: Associated Press 2004: 1; McConnell 1979: 128.<br />
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<b>Chinese Presbyterian Church</b>, Portland. Located at 107 N.W. Third Avenue, the building was constructed in 1892. However, the Chinese did not purchase the building until 1942. A fire destroyed all but the front façade in 1974 with the area behind becoming a parking lot. The Chinese Presbyterian Church itself dates 1885 with its original facility on 117 N.W. Third Avenue. It is now located at 4937 S.E. Woodstock Boulevard. Reference: National Registry of Historic Places 1989: Sec. 7: 26-27.<br />
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<b>Fong Chong Grocery and Restaurant Building</b>. Portland. The Fong Chong Grocery and Restaurant building was constructed at 301 N.W. Fourth Avenue in 1905. Presently a one story building, a fire caused the upper two levels to be removed in 1979. Fong Chong Grocery and Restaurant have occupied the structure since 1932. Seid Back Jr., a prominent Chinese American attorney and activist, owned the building from 1927-1934. Reference: National Registry of Historic Places 1989: Sec. 7: 55-56.<br />
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<b>Fourth Avenue Street Cherry Trees</b>. Portland. To help create the atmosphere of Portland Old Town/Chinatown Historic District, oriental flowering cherry trees were planted along N.W. Fourth Avenue from Burnside Street to Everett Street and along the cross streets for one half block on either side. Reference: National Registry of Historic Places 1989: Sec. 7: 4.<br />
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<b>Gee How Oak Tin Association Building</b>. Portland. The Gee How Oak Tin Association building, with its Chinese-style embellishments, is at 28 N.W. Fourth Avenue. The two story structure was built in 1905. The association acquired the building in 1963 and occupies the top floor with commercial activity on the ground floor. Gee How Oak Tin is a family association consisting of those with the surname Chan, Woo and Yuen. Reference: National Registry of Historic Places 1989: Sec. 7: 39.<br />
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<b>Gue Hin Chou Theater</b>. Portland. The Gin Hin Chou Theater was located at the corner of S.W. Second Avenue and S.W. Ash Street. Established in 1879, it was considered the largest and most successful of the Chinese theaters, closing its doors in 1904. Reference: McConnell 1979: 125.<br />
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<b>Guilds Lake Chinese Gardens</b>. Portland. Guilds Lake was approximately 1.5 miles from First Chinatown, near today’s N.W. 29th Street and Upshur Street. Chinese gardeners grew vegetable along the shore of the 400 acre lake starting in the 1870s. On March 12, 1886 non-Chinese destroyed their cabins, an act attributed to anti-Chinese sentiments. The lake itself was filled between 1906 and the 1920s. Reference: McConnell 1979: 70, 102. <br />
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<b>Hip Sing Association Buil</b>ding. Portland. The building is located at 211 N.W. Third Avenue, being built in 1889. Its brick construction, now covered with stucco, displays several Chinese design elements. The structure was designed by Justin Krumbein as an addition to the adjacent Seamen’s Bethel building. Ownership passed to the Hip Sing Association in 1947. (See New Wah Mei Building, Portland). Reference: National Registry of Historic Places 1989: Sec. 7: 17-19.<br />
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<b>Hop Sing Tong Building</b>. Portland. 317 N.W. Third Avenue. The building was the headquarters of the Hop Sing Tong. The Hop Sing Tong was the fourth largest organization in the Portland Chinatown.<br />
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<b>Hop Wo Washing and Ironing</b>. Portland. Hop Wo was located at the corner of S.W. Front Avenue and Morrison Street as shown in a photograph dating to the 1850s. It may be one of the earliest Chinese businesses in the area which is now part of the Morrison Bridge approach. Reference: Roulette 1994: 13.<br />
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<b>House of Louie Building</b>. Portland. The House of Louie building is at 202-210 N.W. Fourth Avenue, being built in 1922. Purchased by Chinese in 1943, its exterior was altered in 1966 and 1988. The architectural elements and motifs lend itself to the New Chinatown Historic District theme. Reference: National Registry of Historic Places 1989: Sec. 7: 23.<br />
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<b>Hung Far Low Building</b>. Portland. The Hung Far Low building, a two story brick structure, is located at 102-112 N.W. Fourth Avenue. It was built in 1916. Ownership and use by the Chinese dates to at least 1928, when Wong On opened the Hung Far Low restaurant. The restaurant relocated to Third Chinatown in 2005. Reference: National Registry of Historic Places 1989: Sec. 7: 29-30.<br />
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<b>Hung Far Low Sign</b>. Portland. The original 2000 pound sign attached to the building announcing the Hung Far Low restaurant was restored and reinstalled in 2008-2009. The project was funded by both the community and city. It continues to promote chop suey, a Chinese American dish popular during the 1940s-1950s. Reference: “Return of the Hung Far Low Sign.”<br />
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<b>Is Sing Clothing Manufacturing</b>. Portland. Is Sing Clothing Manufacturing was located on the south side of Salmon Street near today’s U.S. District Court. Established in 1875, it was the first Chinese business on the block. By 1886 the building had become the Tung Kee Laundry. In 1907, Moy Back Hin expanded the Chinese presence in the area by purchasing additional lots. Reference: Roulette 1994: 16-17, 19, 22-23.<br />
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<b>Kwong Wah Lung and Company</b>. Portland. Kwong Wah Lung and Company was at 63 Second Avenue in First Chinatown. The store sold Chinese general merchandise and acted as a contractor for Chinese labor. Reference: Columbia River Basin Ethnic History Project n.d.<br />
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<b>Lake Tai Rock</b>. Portland. Lake Tai Rock is within the Terry Schrunk Park in the 1200 block of SW Third Avenue. The 16 foot tall, 17 ton limestone was shaped by the waters of Tai Lake (Tai Hu or Grand Lake), itself a meteor-impact crater filled with fresh water. The monument was a gift to Portland from its sister city, Suzhou, China and was placed in the park in 1996. The Chinese words on the monument read, “Rare stone calls forth the spirit.’ A plague at the base provides details of the gift and the significance of the stone. Reference: Taihu Lake; West n.d.<br />
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<b>Lan Su Chinese Garden</b>. Portland. Lan Su Chinese Garden is located in the Portland Historic Chinatown District at NE Third Avenue and Everett Street. The city block size garden was originally known as Portland Classical Chinese Garden. With more than 500 plant species, a lake, bridge, etc., it is based on Suzhou classical gardens in the People’s Republic of China. The garden opened to the public in 2000. Reference: <i>Classical Chinese Garden</i>.<br />
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<b>New Chinatown</b>. Portland. New Chinatown is an alternate name for Second Chinatown. (See Second Chinatown, Portland).<br />
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<b>New Wah Mei Building</b>. Portland. The building is at 203-209 N.W. Third Avenue and was built for Portland’s Seamen’s Bethel Friends Society. It is a four story brick building covered with stucco, designed by Justin Krumbein. Chinese businesses occupied the first floor from 1920- 1944 when the entire building was purchased by a Chinese family. (See Hip Sing Association Building, Portland). Reference: National Registry of Historic Places 1989: Sec. 7: 19-20.<br />
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<b>Old Chinatown</b>. Portland. The first Chinatown of Portland, often known as Old Chinatown, was within S.W. First Avenue and S.W. Second Avenue and Washington Street and Alder Street by 1865. It included the Morrison Street dock where most new Chinese immigrants arrived. The structures were mostly constructed of brick with two-three stories. There were merchants, boarding houses, association headquarters, three theaters, restaurants, gambling halls, and laundries. By the late 1880s, it housed over 1500 Chinese with boundaries from Ash Street to Taylor Street and the Willamette River to N.W. Fourth Avenue. A fire in 1873 and a flood in 1894 prompted the relocation of much of the community to what was called New Chinatown, now a part of the Portland Old Town/Chinatown Historic District. The last Chinese establishment was razed in 1965, thereby, marking the end of First Chinatown. Reference: Chinatown Redevelopment Commission 1983: 4-5; McConnell 1979: 113-24, 133; National Registry of Historic Places 1989: Sec. 7: 11-13, 15; “Old Town Chinatown, Portland, Oregon.”<br />
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<b>Old Town-Chinatown Max Station</b>. Old Town-Chinatown Mac Station is located at NW First Street and Davis Street. The station is within Second Chinatown.<br />
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<b>Ornamental Street Lights</b>. Portland. Fifty seven ornamental street lights line the business blocks between N.W. Third Avenue to Fifth Avenue and Burnside Street to Flanders Street in the Portland Old Town/Chinatown Historic District. Installed in 1984, the red light-posts with gold trim, representing prosperity and good luck, give the entire district a colorful and distinct appearance. Reference: Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association 2010; National Registry of Historic Places 1989: Sec. 7: 3.<br />
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<b>Pallay Building</b>. Portland. The Pallay building is at 231-239 N.W. Third Avenue, having been constructed in 1908. Designed by Alexander C. Ewart for M. Pallay, it served the Chinese community from its beginning. Commercial activity occurred on the ground floor with residences on the second floor. (See Wong’s laundry Building, Portland). Reference: National Registry of Historic Places 1989: Sec. 7: 16.<br />
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<b>Portland Chinese Cemetery, Lincoln Memorial Park</b>. Portland. An early, traditional Chinese cemetery is located in Lincoln Memorial Park, 11801 S.E. Mount Scott Road. The cemetery dates to 1909. Reference: "New Asians." <br />
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<b>Portland Historic Chinatown District Landscape</b>. Portland. Buildings within the district that have been used by the Chinese and contribute to the overall appearance of the historic district include the following. <br />
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Reference: National Registry of Historic Places 1989: Sec. 7: 7. <br />
<b>Portland Joss House</b>. Portland. Constructed at 431 S.W. Second Avenue in 1867 within First Chinatown, it is reportedly the first formal joss house in the city. Its principle deity was Kuan Yin. The temple was dismantled in 1959. Reference: McConnell 1979: 115,161; National Registry of Historic Places 1989: Sec. 8: 11.</div>
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<b>Powell Boulevard Chinese Neighborhood</b>. Portland. Powell Boulevard Chinese Neighborhood extends along Powell Boulevard between 51 and 82nd Avenues. Reference: ”Travel Portland.”<br />
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<b>Republic Café and Wok Express Building</b>. Portland. The Republic Café and Wok Express building is at 222-238 N.W. Fourth Avenue and was built in 1922. The building has housed Chinese merchants and associations since its construction. The restaurant from which the building draws its name opened in 1930. Reference: National Registry of Historic Places 1989: Sec. 7: 24.<br />
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<b>New Chinatown</b>. Portland. An area of approximately 8 blocks, New Chinatown was bounded by N.W. Fifth Avenue on the east, N.W. Third Avenue on the west, Flanders Street on the north, and W. Burnside Street on the south. Many residents of the original Chinatown moved there after a fire (1873) and a flood (1894) destroyed or damaged more of the first Chinatown; thereby, prompting many Chinese to relocate to New Chinatown. By 1895, the area contained a hospital, four churches, two joss houses, five herb shops and a theater. By the early 1950s, urban renewal of the area resulted in only a few of its original businesses and buildings. The area became part of the Old Town/Chinatown Historic District in 1989. Reference: Old Town-Chinatown, Portland, Oregon, n.d. McConnell 1979: 133-134, 138; National Registry of Historic Places 1989: Sec. 7: 1-2, Section 8: 13.<br />
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<b>Sandy Boulevard Chinese Neighborhood</b>. Portland. Sandy Boulevard Chinese Neighborhood extends along Sandy Boulevard between NE 2nd and 68th Avenues. Reference: “Travel Portland.”<br />
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<b>Shanghai Tunnels</b>. Portland. Although often associated with the Chinese, the Shanghai Tunnels actually are just connections between the basements of many early businesses in the area of NW Couch, Davis and Everett Streets. They were developed as a means of moving goods from the docks on the Willamette River to the basement storage areas. Reference: <i>Shanghai Tunnels</i>; “The Secrets of the Underground Tunnels”; “The Portland Underground FAQ”; Pickett 1990: Sec. C: 07.<br />
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<b>Suey Sing Benevolent Association Building</b>. Portland. The Suey Sing Association building at 211 N.W. Fourth Avenue was built in 1889. The three story brick building covered with stucco was used by the Chinese in the early days, being purchased by them in 1944. Spaces within the building have been used as restaurants, retail stores, a fireworks company, medical company, noodle manufacturing, and the Chinese American Association headquarters. Reference: Chinatown Development Commission 1983: 15-16; National Registry of Historic Places 1989: Sec. 7: 51-52.<br />
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<b>Tong Sung Restaurant and Boarding House</b>. Portland. The Tong Sung Restaurant and Boarding House was on S.W. Second Street in First Chinatown. It was near the Morrison Street dock, the debarkation point for newly arrived immigrants. Sung Sung, the proprietor, established the operation in 1851. It has been reported as the earliest indication of a Chinese business in Portland. Reference: National Registry of Historic Places 1989: Sec. 8: 1; Wegar 1995: 9.<br />
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<b>Tuck Lung Grocery and Restaurant Building</b>. Portland. The building is at 140 N.W. Fourth Avenue. Its Chinese motif and function contribute to the atmosphere of Second Chinatown, aiding in the revitalization of the area. Reference: National Registry of Historic Places 1989: Sec. 7: 31.<br />
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<b>Tung Sang Laundry</b>. Portland. Tung Sang was the last Chinese laundry in Portland Chinatown by 1979 when it closed. Reference: McConnell 1979.<br />
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<b>Twin Wo and Company</b>. Portland. Twin Wo and Company at 233 S.W. Second Avenue, was one of Portland’s leading merchant houses, being established about 1877. It also served as a Chinese labor contractor. The company moved to that location in 1909 after being purchased by Moy Back Hin, reportedly Portland’s first millionaire. The building was demolished around 1950. Reference: Columbia River Basin Ethnic History Project n.d.; Roulette 1994: 17-25.<br />
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<b>Wong’s Laundry Building</b>. Portland. Wong’s Laundry building is adjacent to the Pallay building, at 221-223 N.W. Third Avenue and was designed by the same architect. It is a two story building covered with stucco. Commercial activity on the first floor and residences on the second. (See Pallay Building, Portland). Reference: National Registry of Historic Places 1989: Sec. 7: 17.<br />
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<b>References </b><br />
Associated Press. 2004. “Parking Lot May Lie Atop Cemetery.” <i>Seattle</i>, November 18.<br />
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Burk, Rich. 2006. “The Rebirth of a Grand Ballpark.” http://www.pgepark.com/stadium/history/ Accessed October 12, 2010.<br />
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Chinatown Redevelopment Commission. 1983. <i>Chinatown Development Plan</i>. Portland, Oregon.<br />
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Chinese American Citizens Alliance-Portland Lodge. http://www.cacaportland.org/aboutus.html<br />
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Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association. 2010. http://ccbaportland.org/us.html/ Accessed October 26, 2010.<br />
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Classical Chinese Garden. http://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/entry/view/classical_chinese_garden/ Accessed October 8, 2010.<br />
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Columbia River Basin Ethnic History Project n.d. http://kaga.wsulibs.wsu.edu/ Accessed November 22, 2010.<br />
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Email communication with Helen Ying. April 3, 2011.<br />
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Fagan, John L. 1993. “The Chinese Cannery Workers of Warrendale, Oregon, 1876-1930.” In Wegars, Priscilla . (ed.). 1993. <i>Hidden Heritage: Historical Archaeology of the Overseas Chinese</i>. Amityville, New York: Baywood Press.<br />
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McConnell, Gregory Clark. 1979. “An Historical Geography of the Chinese in Oregon.” Masters thesis. University of Oregon.<br />
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National Registry of Historic Places. 1989. <i>Portland’s New Chinatown/Japanese Town</i>.<br />
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“New Asians.” <i>Blogging a Dead Horse</i>. 2009, http://www.bloggingadeadhorse-dint.blogspot.com/2009/02/new-asians.html/ Accessed October 14, 2010. <i>Old Town-Chinatown, Portland, Oregon</i>, n.d. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Town_Chinatown,_Portland,_Oregon#Chinatown/ Accessed October 5, 2010.<br />
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Ooligan Press and Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association. 2007. <i>Dreams of the West</i>. Portland, Oregon: Ooligan Press, Portland State University.<br />
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Picket, Nelson. 1990. “Free Tours of Old Town Set to Start.” <i>The Oregonian</i>; December 1, Sec. C: 07.<br />
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<i>Portside</i>, Vol. 12, No. 1, Winter, 1987: 4.<br />
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<i>Portland Chinese Garden</i>. 2010. http://www.portlandchinesegarden.org/home/ Accessed October 13, 2010.<br />
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“Return of the Hung Far Low Sign.” <i>Portland Architecture</i>. http://chatterbox.typepad,com/portlandarchitecture/2010/return-of-the-hung-far-low-sign.html/ Accessed: February 22, 2011.<br />
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Roulette, Bill R., David V. Ellis and Maureen Newman. 1994. <i>Data Recovery at OR-MU-57, the U.S. Courthouse Site, Portland, Oregon</i>. Portland, Oregon: Archaeological Investigations Northwest Inc.<br />
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<i>Shanghai Tunnels</i>. http://wikipedia.org/wiki/shanghai_tunnels/ Accessed Decmeber 3, 2010.<br />
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"Taihu Lake." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/taihu_lake/ Accessed December 4, 2010.<br />
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<i>The Oregonian</i>. February 13, 1986: D6.</div>
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“The Secrets of the Underground Tunnels.” http://shanghaitunnels.info/ Accessed December 3, 2010.</div>
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“Travel Portland.” http://www.travelportland.com/communities/ethnic -communities/chinese-american-portland-things-to-see-do.html/ Accessed May 22, 2011.</div>
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Wegar, Priscilla. 1995. <i>The Ah Hee Diggings: Final Report of the Archaeological Investigations at OR-GR-16, the Granite, Oregon “Chinese Walls” site, 1992-1994</i>. Moscow, Idaho: University of Idaho Anthropology Reports.</div>
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West, Robert D. n.d. “Plaza Blocks.” <i>Places: Portland Places</i>. http://myweb.msoe.edu/~westr/pdxplazablocks.htm/ Accessed December 4, 2010.</div>
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Wong, Marie Rose. 2004. <i>Sweet Cakes, Long Journey</i>. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press.</div>
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12740022173774915221noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1408942832060826226.post-72866010966104558972014-08-24T16:53:00.002-07:002014-08-24T16:53:06.588-07:00Polk County<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3yd0bVFJYcTLpjhkqX21SedMk9McXX1aWA1lv1MJUApAN9aAtzK7d8bArmBegR1ytSwGWlZ0iH_wSUMASUgLpBP1j2Bnd7UbB_v6wlOLYJCB3hEBGpQfZ4v-8XxzMtJ6gPuUEh1amdOo/s1600/BuenaVista.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" closure_lm_694750="null" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3yd0bVFJYcTLpjhkqX21SedMk9McXX1aWA1lv1MJUApAN9aAtzK7d8bArmBegR1ytSwGWlZ0iH_wSUMASUgLpBP1j2Bnd7UbB_v6wlOLYJCB3hEBGpQfZ4v-8XxzMtJ6gPuUEh1amdOo/s1600/BuenaVista.jpg" title="Buena Vista, rich in clay and agriculture. Sopurce: Pinterest.com." vua="true" /></a></div><br>
<b>Smith and Company</b>.
Smith and Company Pottery Works was located in the community of Buena Vista. Most of its 50 employees were Chinese by 1870.
Reference: <i>Marion County Oregon</i>; Maxwell 2003. <br><br>
<b>Reference
</b><br>Marion County Oregon. “General History of the Buena Vista Community.” http://www.co.marion.or.us/PW/ferries/bvhistory.htm/ Accessed November 12, 2011. <br><br>
Maxwell, Ben. 2003. "Rural Scene in Buena Vista," Oregon, photograph. http://www.photos.salemhistory.net/ Accessed October 23, 2010.
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